WGU Ethics-In-Technology Practice Exam Questions & Answers

Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) is a digital system that allows healthcare providers to enter medication orders electronically, reducing errors related to handwriting and incomplete prescriptions.

Why CPOE?

Eliminates handwriting misinterpretation errors.

Ensures complete medication details, reducing omissions.

Often integrates decision support tools, warning about drug interactions and incorrect dosages.

Why Not the Other Options?

B . Health Information Exchange (HIE): Shares patient records across providers but does not focus on medication ordering.

C . Electronic Medical Record (EMR): Digitizes patient records but does not prevent prescription errors directly.

D . Clinical Decision Support (CDS): Helps providers make better decisions but does not replace the ordering process like CPOE does.

Thus, the correct answer is A. Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE), as it directly addresses prescription errors.

Reference in Ethics in Technology:

Bates, D. W. et al. (1998). Effect of Computerized Physician Order Entry and a Team Intervention on Prevention of Serious Medication Errors.

Institute of Medicine (2000). To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System.

The company honestly discloses its realistic project timeline to the client without misleading or misrepresenting its capabilities.

Why is this ethical?

The company does not engage in deception; it clearly states that it requires four months rather than falsely promising three.

It offers added value by completing the project 20% under budget, which is beneficial for the client.

This aligns with ethical principles of honesty, transparency, and fairness.

Why is this legal?

There is no law requiring the company to meet the three-month deadline if it discloses its timeline honestly.

Misrepresentation would be illegal, but the company truthfully communicates its capabilities.

Why Not the Other Options?

A . Ethical and Illegal: There is no violation of any law.

B . Unethical and Illegal: The company does not engage in fraud or deception.

C . Unethical and Legal: The action is not unethical since it follows principles of honesty and integrity.

Thus, the correct answer is D. Ethical and Legal because the company acts transparently while complying with business ethics and legal standards.

Reference in Ethics in Technology:

ACM Code of Ethics (2022).

IEEE Code of Conduct (2020).

Brenkert, G. G. (2008). 'Marketing Ethics.' Blackwell Encyclopedia of Management.

The Financial Privacy Rule of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) allows consumers to control how their personal financial information is shared through an opt-out mechanism.

Why is 'Opt-Out' a Threat to Data Privacy?

The opt-out model assumes that consumers consent to having their data shared unless they take action to refuse.

Many consumers may not be aware of their right to opt-out, leading to widespread data sharing without explicit consent.

This is less privacy-protective than an opt-in model, where consumers must actively give permission before their data is shared.

Why Not the Other Options?

A . Opt-in -- This would enhance privacy, not threaten it.

B . Safeguard -- Refers to data security, not data-sharing policies.

D . Pretexting -- Involves fraudulent access to financial data, which is a different issue.

Thus, the correct answer is C. Opt-out, as it weakens consumer privacy protections by allowing data sharing unless the consumer takes action.

Reference in Ethics in Technology:

Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (1999), 15 U.S.C. 6801-6809.

Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Guide to GLBA Opt-Out Provisions.

Nissenbaum, H. (2010). Privacy in Context: Technology, Policy, and the Integrity of Social Life.

The data scientist's approach raises two key ethical concerns:

Proxy Discrimination (C) -- Using demographic data from limited zip codes may create biased AI models that discriminate against certain racial, economic, or social groups. Zip codes often reflect historical segregation, leading to unfair predictions.

Small Sample Size (D) -- Training an AI model on a limited set of familiar zip codes introduces selection bias, reducing the model's ability to generalize across diverse populations. This affects fairness and accuracy.

Relevant Ethical Reference in Technology:

Algorithmic Fairness & Bias (FAT/ML Guidelines) -- AI models must avoid using biased proxies and ensure diverse training data.

Privacy & Ethical AI (GDPR, CCPA) -- AI decisions must not indirectly discriminate based on location, race, or socioeconomic status.

Utilitarian Ethics (Maximizing Fairness & Inclusivity) -- AI should benefit all groups equally, not just selected demographics.

IEEE & ACM AI Ethics Standards -- Encourage transparent, unbiased data selection to prevent discrimination.

Thus, the correct answers are C. Proxy discrimination and D. Small sample size, as both contribute to bias in AI models.

The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) provides a safe harbor provision for internet service providers (ISPs) and online platforms that host user-generated content.

Why DMCA Applies?

Protects ISPs from liability if their users violate copyright laws, as long as they follow takedown procedures.

Establishes a notice-and-takedown system, allowing copyright holders to request removal of infringing content.

Why Not the Other Options?

B . Copyright Term Extension Act -- Extends copyright duration but does not provide ISP protection.

C . Digital Performance Right in Sound Recordings Act -- Focuses on music copyright protections, not ISP liability.

D . Leahy-Smith America Invents Act -- Governs patent law, not copyright infringement.

Thus, the correct answer is A. Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) as it provides safe harbor protections for ISPs.

Reference in Ethics in Technology:

Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), 17 U.S.C. 512.

Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) DMCA Guide.

Litman, J. (2001). Digital Copyright: Protecting Intellectual Property on the Internet.