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Scenario 7: Established in 2005 in Arizona, the US. Hitec is one of The leading online retail companies. It Is especially known for electronic devices, such as televisions, telephones, and laptops. Hitec strives to continually enhance customer satisfaction and optimize its technology platforms and applications. the company's website and mobile application provide a range of features designed to simplify the online shopping experience, including customized product recommendations and a user-friendly search engine. The system enables customers to easily track the progress of their orders made through any of Hitec's platforms, in addition. Hitec employs a comprehensive customer management system to collect and manage customer information, including payment history, order details, and individual preferences.
Recently. Hitec had to deal with a serious cybersecurity incident that resulted in a data breach. Following numerous customer complaints about the malfunctioning of the ordering system. Hitec's engineers initiated an investigation into their network. The investigation unveiled multiple instances of unauthorized access by two distinct attackers. They gamed access sensitive customer information, such as credit card numbers and login credentials. Instead of promptly sharing information about the detected threats with other companies in the cybersecurity alliance and asking for help, Hitec chose to rely solely on its own detection and response capabilities. After resolving the incident, the company publicly acknowledged falling victim to a data breach. However, it refrained from disclosing specific details regarding the impact it had on its customers
Two weeks after the cyberattack, another retail company, Buyent, made an announcement regarding their successful prevention of a similar data breach unlike Hitec. Buyent took a transparent approach by providing detailed insights into the attacker's methods and the step-by-step procedures they employed to mitigate the attack. As both companies were part of the same cybersecurity alliance, Buyent willingly shared the requested information in accordance with their established information sharing and coordination framework, ensuring that any personal data shared was processed in a manner that prevented direct attribution to specific data subjects. This Involved utilizing additional information, which was kepi separately and secured through technical and organizational measures.
To ensure secure transmission. Buyent sent links that required a password for access, protecting the encrypted files sent to Hitec These files included comprehensive guidelines and approaches adopted hy Buyent to effectively detect and respond to cybersecurity events.
Upon careful analysis of the provided Information. Hitec concluded that their previous attack was primarily attributed to weaknesses in their detection capabilities in response. Hitec made strategic changes to their procedures. They implemented the utilization of Darknet as a technical approach to detect suspicious and malicious network activities. Furthermore, Hitec established a new security policy which required regular network and system testing By implementing these controls. Hilec aimed to strengthen Us ability to identify system vulnerabilities and threats, thereby boosting the overall cybersecurity defense.
Lastly, Hitec decided to contract a training provider to conduct cybersecurity training for its employees. They agreed to provide a training session that covered essential cybersecurity practices applicable to all staff, regardless of their roles within the company As the agreed upon training date approached, the training provider requested the necessary documentation from Hitec. Including the cybersecurity policy and specific examples related to the practices or guidelines employed by the company. After Hitec did not deliver the requested resources, the training provider refused to conduct the training session.
Based on the scenario above, answer the following question:
Based on scenario 7, what method did Buyent use to ensure secure file sharing when transmitting information to Hitec?
Buyent used password protection to ensure secure file sharing when transmitting information to Hitec. Password-protected links are a common method to secure the transmission of sensitive information, ensuring that only authorized recipients with the correct password can access the files. This approach helps in maintaining confidentiality and integrity during data transmission. This method is consistent with best practices for secure communication as outlined in ISO/IEC 27002 and NIST SP 800-53.
Scenario 5: Pilotron is a large manufacturer known for its electric vehicles that use renewable energy. One of Its objectives Is 10 make the world a cleaner place by reducing the consumption of fossil fuels. In addition to electric vehicles, Pilotron also offers solar roof and advanced battery technology, all manufactured at its factory in Bastogne. Belgium. As one of the most Innovative manufacturers in Europe, Pilotron invests heavily in research and development to create unique components, such as motors, sensors, and batteries. In addillon, it places a strong emphasis on delivering high-quality products, and requires all employees to undergo an intensive onboarding program that includes hands-on training.
Pilotron did not prioritize the establishment of a cybersecurity program to protect its information. This became evident when a frustrated employee took advantage of the company's lack of cybersecurity measures. The employee was aware that Pilotron's existing security measures could easily be evaded The company became aware of the incident after five weeks, when a sudden surge in network data transfer raised suspicions upon investigation. Pilotron discovered that the employee had multiple requests for access to software development resources that were unrelated to their daily tasks By using a false user name and avoiding the implemented cybersecurity controls, the employee directly modified the code of one of Pilotron's products. This unauthorized code change enabled the employee to transfer highly sensitive data to external parties
Knowing that insider threats pose a significant risk and the existing security controls were ineffective. Pilotron decided to shift its cybersecurity focus toward proactive detection and prevention strategies. It implemented a security software that detects unusual access patterns, large data upload, and credential abuse Additionally, Pilotron recognized the need to help improve the security of Its systems by Isolating devices (PCs. servers) on the opposite sides of a firewall.
The company also implemented an identity management solution to ensure the verification of Individuals requesting access. It decided to implement a mechanism that ensured only authorized individuals can access sensitive systems and dat
a. In addition to the traditional username and password, employees were now required to provide a unique personal identifier, such as a fingerprint, as well as a one-time verification code generated through a mobile app
Moreover, in order to enhance security measures and gain the benefits of cloud computing, Pilotron decided to leverage cloud based services. A kiv factor in Pilotroo's decision was the capability to construct and oversee its personalized Infrastructure Instead of depending on pre-set platforms or software applications, the company could craft its virtualized environments. The significant level of customization is of utmost importance to Pilotron since it enables adjusting its infrastructure to align with the specific requirements of its projects and clients.
Based on the scenario above, answer the following question:
What type of data threat was Pitotron subject to? Refer to scenario 5
Pilotron was subject to a data breach, as the unauthorized employee accessed and transferred highly sensitive data to external parties. A data breach involves the unauthorized acquisition of confidential information, leading to its exposure.
Detailed Explanation:
Data Breach:
Definition: The unauthorized access and retrieval of sensitive information by an individual or group.
Impact: Can result in the loss of confidential data, financial loss, and damage to reputation.
Scenario Details:
Incident: An employee modified code to transfer sensitive data outside the organization.
Detection: The breach was identified after noticing unusual data transfer activities.
Cybersecurity Reference:
ISO/IEC 27001: Defines data breaches and the importance of implementing controls to prevent unauthorized access to information.
NIST SP 800-61: Provides guidelines for handling and responding to data breaches.
By recognizing and addressing the data breach, Pilotron can improve its cybersecurity measures and prevent future incidents.
Among others, what should be done 10 mitigate disinformation and misinformation?
To mitigate disinformation and misinformation, promoting modern media literacy is essential. Educating individuals on how to critically evaluate information sources and recognize false information can significantly reduce the spread of misinformation. This approach empowers people to make informed decisions and enhances overall societal resilience against disinformation.
ISO/IEC 27032:2012 - Provides guidelines for improving cybersecurity, including the importance of addressing social engineering and misinformation.
NIST SP 800-150 - Guide to Cyber Threat Information Sharing, which highlights the role of education and awareness in combating misinformation and disinformation.
Scenario 3: EsteeMed is a cardiovascular institute located in Orlando. Florida H Is known for tis exceptional cardiovascular and thoracic services and offers a range of advanced procedures, including vascular surgery, heart valve surgery, arrhythmia and ablation, and lead extraction. With a dedicated team of over 30 cardiologists and cardiovascular surgeons, supported by more than IUU specialized nurses and technicians, EsteeMed Is driven by a noble mission to save lives Every year. it provides its services to over 50,000 patients from across the globe.
As Its reputation continued to grow. EsteeMed recognized the importance of protecting Its critical assets. It Identified these assets and implemented the necessary measures to ensure their security Employing a widely adopted approach to Information security governance. EsteeMed established an organizational structure that connects the cybersecurity team with the information security sector under the IT Department.
Soon after these changes, there was an incident where an unauthorized employee transferred highly restricted patient data to the cloud The Incident was detected by Tony, the IT specialist. As no specific guidelines were in place to address such unlikely scenarios, Tony promptly reported the incident to his colleagues and, together. they alerted the board of managers Following that, the management of EsteeMed arranged a meeting with their cloud provider to address the situation.
During the meeting, the representatives of the cloud provider assured the management of the EsteeMed that the situation will be managed effectively The cloud provider considered the existing security measures sufficient to ensure the confidentiality, Integrity, and availability of the transferred data Additionally, they proposed a premium cloud security package that could offer enhanced protection for assets of this nature. Subsequently, EsteeMed's management conducted an internal meeting following the discussion with the cloud provider.
After thorough discussions, the management determined that the associated costs of implementing further security measures outweigh the potential risks at the present lime Therefore, they decided to accept the actual risk level for the time being. The likelihood of a similar incident occurring in the future was considered low. Furthermore, the cloud provider had already implemented robust security protocols.
To ensure effective risk management. EsteeMed had documented and reported its risk management process and outcomes through appropriate mechanisms, it recognized that decisions about the creation, retention, and handling of documented information should consider various factors. These factors include aspects such as the intended use of the Information. Its sensitivity, and the external and internal context in which It operates.
Lastly. EsteeMed identified and recorded its assets in an inventory to ensure their protection. The inventory contained detailed information such as the type of assets, their size, location, owner, and backup information.
Based on the scenario above, answer the following question:
Based on scenario 3, EsteeMed's decisions on the creation of documented information regarding risk management took into account the intended use of the information. Its sensitivity, and the external and internal context in which it operates. Is this acceptable?
EsteeMed's approach to the creation, retention, and handling of documented information regarding risk management, which considers the intended use of the information, its sensitivity, and the external and internal context, aligns with best practices. It ensures that documentation practices are tailored to the specific needs and context of the organization, enhancing the effectiveness and relevance of the documentation.
ISO/IEC 27001:2013 - Highlights the importance of considering the context of the organization when developing and maintaining documented information for the ISMS.
NIST SP 800-53 - Recommends that documentation and information management practices should consider the specific context, sensitivity, and intended use of the information.
How do data breach and data leak differ in intent of intent and occurrence?
Data breaches and data leaks differ in their intent and occurrence. A data breach involves intentional attacks by malicious actors, while a data leak occurs unintentionally due to technical failures or human errors.
Detailed Explanation:
Data Breach:
Definition: The unauthorized access and retrieval of sensitive information by an individual or group with malicious intent.
Characteristics: Deliberate and targeted attacks aiming to steal or compromise data.
Examples: Hacking, phishing, and malware attacks.
Data Leak:
Definition: The unintentional exposure of sensitive information due to negligence, technical failures, or human errors.
Characteristics: Accidental and usually not intended to harm the organization.
Examples: Misconfigured servers, accidental sharing of files, and lost or stolen devices.
Cybersecurity Reference:
ISO/IEC 27001: Emphasizes the importance of protecting information against both intentional and unintentional disclosures.
NIST SP 800-53: Recommends controls to prevent both data breaches and data leaks, highlighting the different nature of these threats.
Understanding the differences between data breaches and data leaks helps organizations implement appropriate measures to prevent both types of incidents.
