The code creates two threads, t1 and t2, and starts them. The threads will print their names and the value of the Atomic Integer object, x, which is initially set to 1. The threads will then increment the value of x and print their names and the new value of x. Since the threads are started at the same time, the output will be in random order. However, the final output will always be t1 : 1 : t2: 1 : t1 : 2 : t2: 2:Reference:AtomicInteger (Java SE 17 & JDK 17) - Oracle

A thread in waiting state is waiting for another thread to perform a particular action, such as calling notify() or notifyAll() on a shared object, or terminating a joined thread. A thread in waiting state can be interrupted by another thread, which will cause the waiting thread to throw an InterruptedException and return to the runnable state. Therefore, a thread in waiting state must handle InterruptedException, either by catching it or declaring it in the throws clause.Reference:Thread.State (Java SE 17 & JDK 17), [Thread (Java SE 17 & JDK 17)]

The code fragment in Option C invokes all callable objects in the workers set by using the ExecutorService's invokeAll() method. This method takes a collection of Callable objects and returns a list of Future objects representing the results of the tasks. The other options are incorrect because they either use the wrong method (invokeAny() or submit()) or have syntax errors (missing parentheses or semicolons).Reference:AbstractExecutorService (Java SE 17 & JDK 17) - Oracle

The code fragment is creating a string variable ''a'' with the value ''Hello! Java''. Then, it is printing the index of ''Java'' in ''a''. Next, it is replacing ''Hello!'' with ''Welcome!'' in ''a''. Then, it is printing the index of ''Java'' in ''a''. Finally, it is creating a new StringBuilder object ''b'' with the value of ''a'' and printing the index of ''Java'' in ''b''. The output will be 8109 because the index of ''Java'' in ''a'' is 8, the index of ''Java'' in ''a'' after replacing ''Hello!'' with ''Welcome!'' is 10, and the index of ''Java'' in ''b'' is 9.Reference:Oracle Java SE 17 Developer source and documents: [String (Java SE 17 & JDK 17)], [StringBuilder (Java SE 17 & JDK 17)]

The code fragment compares four pairs of strings using the equals() and intern() methods. The equals() method compares the content of two strings, while the intern() method returns a canonical representation of a string, which means that it returns a reference to an existing string with the same content in the string pool. The string pool is a memory area where strings are stored and reused to save space and improve performance. The results of the comparisons are as follows:

s1.equals(s2): This returns true because both s1 and s2 have the same content, ''Hello Java 17''.

s1 == s2: This returns false because s1 and s2 are different objects with different references, even though they have the same content. The == operator compares the references of two objects, not their content.

s1.intern() == s2.intern(): This returns true because both s1.intern() and s2.intern() return a reference to the same string object in the string pool, which has the content ''Hello Java 17''. The intern() method ensures that there is only one copy of each distinct string value in the string pool.

''Hello Java 17'' == s2: This returns false because ''Hello Java 17'' is a string literal, which is automatically interned and stored in the string pool, while s2 is a string object created with the new operator, which is not interned by default and stored in the heap. Therefore, they have different references and are not equal using the == operator.