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You are deploying a three-tier web application using Infrastructure as Code (IaC) and Oracle Kubernetes Engine (OKE) within a single VCN. The application consists of a public-facing web tier (running in OKE), an application tier, and a database tier. You want to ensure that only the web tier can access the application tier, and only the application tier can access the database tier. You are leveraging Network Security Groups (NSGs) for granular access control. Your IaC code successfully creates all the components, but you are experiencing connectivity issues. Specifically, Pods in the web tier cannot reach the application tier. Reviewing your IaC configuration, you realize the NSG assignments for the OKE cluster's node pool are misconfigured. Which of the following NSG configuration errors would most likely cause this connectivity issue?
Problem: OKE web tier pods cannot reach the application tier.
Traffic Flow: Web tier (OKE) initiates outbound (egress) traffic to application tier (port 8080).
NSG Role: Controls traffic at VNIC level; must allow egress from OKE and ingress to app tier.
Evaluate Options:
A: Missing egress rule on OKE NSG blocks traffic; plausible but incomplete context.
B: Ingress on OKE NSG affects incoming traffic, not outbound to app tier; incorrect.
C: No ingress on OKE NSG doesn't block egress to app tier; incorrect.
D: Egress limited to internet blocks app tier access (port 8080); most likely.
Conclusion: Missing egress rule to app tier NSG is the primary issue.
NSGs require explicit egress rules for outbound traffic. The Oracle Networking Professional study guide notes, 'For OKE pods to communicate with other tiers, the node pool's NSG must include egress rules to the destination NSG or CIDR on the required ports' (OCI Networking Documentation, Section: Network Security Groups with OKE). Option D reflects a common misconfiguration in IaC setups.
Your security policy mandates that all communication between your compute instances in a private subnet and OCI Object Storage must be authenticated and authorized using IAM policies and not rely on public IP addresses. Which OCI networking feature is the most appropriate to satisfy this requirement?
Requirement: Private, IAM-secured access to Object Storage.
Option A: Public subnet with Internet Gateway uses public IPs---violates policy.
Option B: NAT Gateway is for internet access, not private OCI services---incorrect.
Option C: Service Gateway enables private access to Object Storage, paired with IAM for auth---correct.
Option D: Public subnet with firewall still relies on public IPs---incorrect.
Conclusion: Option C meets all requirements.
Oracle states:
'Use a Service Gateway for private access to OCI Object Storage from a private subnet, with IAM policies for authentication and authorization.'
This supports Option C. Reference: Service Gateway Overview - Oracle Help Center (docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/Network/Tasks/servicegateway.htm).
Which OCI service or feature enables the enforcement of granular, identity-based access controls for packet routing, crucial for implementing Zero Trust principles?
Zero Trust Principles: Require explicit, identity-based access controls at every network stage.
Evaluate OCI Services:
Internet Gateway: Enables public internet access, no identity-based control.
Service Gateway: Provides private service access, no granular routing control.
NSGs: Offer stateful, identity-based rules at the VNIC level.
DRG: Facilitates routing, not identity-based access control.
NSG Fit: NSGs allow rules based on VNIC identity, source/destination IP, and ports, aligning with Zero Trust.
Conclusion: NSGs are the best fit for granular, identity-based routing control.
NSGs are pivotal for Zero Trust in OCI. The Oracle Networking Professional study guide states, 'Network Security Groups provide granular, stateful security rules that can be applied to specific VNICs, enabling identity-based access controls essential for Zero Trust architectures' (OCI Networking Documentation, Section: Network Security Groups). Unlike security lists (subnet-level), NSGs offer instance-level precision.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of using a public internet-based VPN connection for migrating large datasets from another cloud provider to OCI?
Objective: Identify a VPN disadvantage for large dataset migration.
Option A: VPNs can be secure with IPSec; not inherently less secure---incorrect.
Option B: VPNs are automatable with IaC (e.g., Terraform)---incorrect.
Option C: Public internet limits VPN throughput due to bandwidth and latency variability---correct disadvantage.
Option D: VPNs are compatible with OCI services---incorrect.
Conclusion: Option C is the key disadvantage.
Oracle notes:
'Public internet-based VPNs face throughput limitations due to bandwidth and latency variability, impacting large data migrations.''
This supports Option C. Reference: VPN Limitations - Oracle Help Center (docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/Network/Tasks/settingupIPSec.htm#limitations).
Your organization is migrating workloads to a multicloud environment using OCI, AWS, and Azure. You have applications that require access to on-premises resources and must maintain high security standards. Which connectivity configuration would provide the MOST secure and reliable access while adhering to best practices for a hybrid multicloud architecture?
Needs: Secure, reliable hybrid multicloud access.
Option A: Multiple VPNs are secure but complex and less reliable over internet---less optimal.
Option B: Public internet with app security is insecure---incorrect.
Option C: FastConnect to OCI provides a private base; SD-WAN extends securely to AWS/Azure with encryption and HA---correct.
Option D: FastConnect to OCI with VPNs to others risks OCI as a single point of failure---less reliable.
Conclusion: Option C is the most secure and reliable.
Oracle advises:
'For hybrid multicloud, use FastConnect for primary connectivity and SD-WAN to extend securely to other clouds with encryption and policy control.'
This supports Option C. Reference: Multicloud Best Practices - Oracle Help Center (docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/Network/Concepts/multicloud.htm#bestpractices).
