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which three statements are true regarding single row subqueries?
Regarding single-row subqueries:
A . THEY CAN BE USED in the where clause: Single-row subqueries can be used in the WHERE clause to compare a column's value against the result of the subquery.
B . A SQL STATEMENT MAY HAVE MULTIPLE SINGLE ROW SUBQUERY BLOCKS: It is possible to use more than one single-row subquery within a SQL statement, each potentially in different parts of the statement (e.g., SELECT clause, WHERE clause).
E . THEY CAN BE USED IN THE HAVING CLAUSE: Similar to the WHERE clause, single-row subqueries can also be used in the HAVING clause to filter groups based on a condition evaluated against a subquery result.
Incorrect options are:
C and D: There is no such limitation on the placement of single-row subqueries relative to the comparison operator; they can be used on either side.
F: Single-row subqueries must return exactly one row to avoid errors, but they do not necessarily have to return a row; if no row is returned, the query may still execute, potentially returning no rows in the outer query.
Examine these statements executed in a single Oracle session:
CREATE TABLE product (pcode NUMBER(2),pname VARCHAR2(20));
INSERT INTO product VALUES(1,'pen');
INSERT INTO product VALUES (2,'pencil');
INSERT INTO product VALUES(3,'fountain pen');
SAVEPOINT a;
UPDATE product SET pcode=10 WHERE pcode =1;
COMMIT;
DELETE FROM product WHERE pcode =2;
SAVEPOINT b;
UPDATE product SET pcode=30 WHERE pcode =3;
SAVEPOINT c;
DELETE FROM product WHERE pcode =10;
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT b;
COMMIT;
Which three statements are true
After creation and initial inserts, the pcode for 'pen' is updated to 10, and then committed.
The 'pencil' row is deleted and not yet committed.
A savepoint b is set after the deletion of the 'pencil' row.
The 'fountain pen' pcode is updated to 30, followed by setting savepoint c.
The 'pen' row (now with pcode 10) is deleted.
A rollback to savepoint b reverts the deletion of 'pen' and the update to 'fountain pen', but not the deletion of 'pencil', which was committed earlier due to the scope of the savepoint.
Therefore, after the final commit:
A: The code for 'pen' is 10, since the update was committed and the subsequent delete was rolled back.
C: There is no row containing 'pencil' because its deletion was committed.
F: There is a row containing 'pen' because the deletion was rolled back to savepoint b which was set after the deletion of 'pencil'.
Examine the data in the INVOICES table:
Examine the data in the CURRENCIES table:
CURRENCY_CODE
-------------
JPY
GPB
CAD
EUR
USD
Which query returns the currencies in CURRENCIES that are not present in INVOICES?
To calculate the length of employment, you would compare the current date to the HIRE_DATE and calculate the difference in years.
A . This is the correct answer. The expression calculates the number of days between the current date (SYSDATE) and the HIRE_DATE, then divides by 365 to convert it to years, and checks if it is greater than 5.
B . SYSTIMESTAMP includes a time component including fractional seconds and time zone information, making this comparison incorrect.
C . There are typos in this option (CUARENT_DATE should be CURRENT_DATE and hire_data should be hire_date). Even with the correct function and column names, CURRENT_DATE returns the current date in the session time zone, not in years.
D . There are typos in this option (SYSNAYW should be SYSDATE). Additionally, dividing by 12 incorrectly assumes that a month is equivalent to a year.
E . This is a repetition of option D with the same issues.
F . There are typos in this option (CUNACV_DATE should be CURRENT_DATE and hire_data should be hire_date). Additionally, dividing by 12 incorrectly assumes that a month is equivalent to a year.
Oracle Database SQL Language Reference, 12c Release 1 (12.1): 'Date Functions'
Examine the description of the transactions table:
Which two SQL statements execute successfully?
A . True, this statement will execute successfully. In Oracle SQL, column aliases can be given in double quotes which allows the use of special characters like a hyphen. Additionally, you can perform arithmetic operations such as amount+100 directly in the SELECT clause to return increased values of amount.
C . True, this statement is also valid. It does not use any special characters or reserved keywords as aliases that would require double quotes. The arithmetic operation is the same as in option A, which is permissible.
For B, D, and E, the reasons for failure are: B. In Oracle SQL, single quotes are used for string literals, not for column aliases. Therefore, using single quotes around 'CUSTOMER-ID' and 'DUES' will result in an error. D. The word 'DATE' is a reserved keyword in Oracle SQL. When used as a column alias without double quotes, it will lead to an error. In this statement, although 'DATE' is in double quotes, it's a best practice to avoid using reserved keywords as aliases. E. There are syntax errors in the statement. 'customer id' should be 'customer_id', and the alias 'CUSTOMER-ID' should be enclosed in double quotes if special characters are used. Also, 'DUES AMOUNT' as an alias should be in double quotes to be valid because it contains a space.
Oracle documentation on column aliases: Oracle Database SQL Language Reference
Oracle reserved words: Oracle Database SQL Language Reserved Words
Which three are true about subqueries?
About the roles and behavior of subqueries in SQL:
A . A subquery can be used in a WHERE clause: Subqueries are often used in WHERE clauses to filter rows based on a condition evaluated against a set of returned values.
B . A subquery can be used in a HAVING clause: Similar to WHERE, subqueries can be used in HAVING clauses to filter groups based on aggregate conditions.
D . <ANY returns true if the argument is less than the highest value returned by the subquery: The <ANY (or <SOME) operator compares a value to each value returned by a subquery and returns true if the comparison is true for any one of the returned values.
Incorrect options:
C: =ANY evaluates true if the argument matches any single value returned by the subquery, irrespective of the number of values.
E: A subquery can indeed be used in a FROM clause, known as a derived table or inline view.
F: <ANY returns true if the argument is less than any of the values returned by the subquery, not necessarily the lowest.
G: A subquery can be used in a SELECT list, particularly when the subquery is designed to return a single value (scalar subquery).
