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Which of these drugs is used to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy?
N-acetylcysteine can be used to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy. Whilst evidence is not overwhelming for use in favor, it does appear to have a clinical impact. N-acetylcysteine is typically given the day before treatment and the day when treatment commences. Other means to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy include adequate hydration, while some studied recommend ascorbic acid.
Which of the following is a side effect of valproic acid?
Pancreatitis is one of the most serious adverse effects that can be caused by valproic acid. Gingival hyperplasia is a side effect of Phenytoin. Kidney stones and weight loss can be a side effect of zonisamide or topiramate.
Alteplase is ordered for a 72 YOM who weighs 68kg for Ischemic stroke. The ER physician would like you to dose. As an ER pharmacist you know the dose is 0.9 mg/kg IV (not to exceed 90 mg); give 10% of the total dose as an IV bolus over 1 minute, then give the remaining 90% as an IV infusion over 60 minutes. After reconstitution, the concentration of Altaplace is 1mg/ml. How many ml is needed for the bolus and how many ml is needed for the infusion? Round to the nearest ml.
68kg 0.9mg/kg = 61.2mg dose 1mg/mL = 61.2mL 61.2mg 0.1 = 6mL IV bolus 61.2mg 0.9 = 55mL IV over 60 minutes
Which H2-receptor blocker may cause gynecomastia in men due to its antiandrogenic effects?
Cimetidine has multiple drug interactions due to its inhibitory effects on CYP1A2, 2C9, 2D6, and 3A4. Inhibition of these enzymes can cause an increase in the serum concentrations of drugs metabolized by these enzymes, leading to toxicity.
Which of the following medication should be avoided if a patient is on lithium to avoid lithium toxicity?
ACE-inhibitors (such as lisinopril), NSAIDs (such as naproxen) and loop diuretics (furosemide) can all increase the risk of lithium toxicity.
