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Exhibit.
Connections between hosts connected to Leaf-1 and Leaf-2 are not working correctly.
Issue Analysis:
The problem in the exhibit suggests a mismatch in configuration parameters between Leaf-1 and Leaf-2, leading to communication issues between hosts connected to these leaf devices.
Configuration Mismatches:
Service-ID: Leaf-1 has service-id 1 configured, while Leaf-2 does not have this parameter. For consistency and proper operation, the service-id should be the same across both leaf devices.
VRF Target: Leaf-1 is configured with vrf-target target:65000:1, while Leaf-2 is configured with vrf-target target:65000:2. To allow proper VRF import/export between the two leafs, these should match.
Corrective Actions:
C . Configure the set switch-options vrf-target target:65000:1 parameter on Leaf-2: This aligns the VRF targets between the two leaf devices, ensuring they can correctly import and export routes.
E . Configure the set switch-options service-id 1 parameter on Leaf-2: This ensures that both Leaf-1 and Leaf-2 use the same service ID, which is necessary for consistency in the EVPN-VXLAN setup.
Data Center Reference:
Correct configuration of VRF targets and service IDs is critical in EVPN-VXLAN setups to ensure that routes and services are correctly shared and recognized between different devices in the network fabric.
Why is a designated forwarder required in a multihomed CE-to-PE VXLAN environment using EVPN signalling?
Understanding Multihomed CE-to-PE VXLAN Environment:
In a VXLAN environment using EVPN signaling, multiple PEs (Provider Edge devices) can be connected to the same CE (Customer Edge device). This setup is referred to as multihoming, where a CE device has multiple connections to the network to ensure redundancy and load balancing.
Role of the Designated Forwarder:
The designated forwarder (DF) is a mechanism used in EVPN to manage the forwarding of broadcast, unknown unicast, and multicast (BUM) traffic in a multihomed environment. The DF is selected to ensure that only one of the PEs forwards this type of traffic to the CE, preventing loops and unnecessary duplicate packets.
Avoiding Duplicate Packets:
Without a designated forwarder, all PEs connected to a multihomed CE could potentially forward the same packet to the CE, resulting in duplicate packets. This duplication can cause issues with packet processing on the CE, leading to inefficiencies and potential network problems.
Conclusion:
Option D: Correct---The designated forwarder is essential to prevent duplicate packets from being received on multihomed hosts, ensuring that only one PE forwards BUM traffic to the CE.
Which three statements are correct about symmetric IRB routing with EVPN Type 2 routes? (Choose three.)
Symmetric IRB Routing with EVPN Type 2 Routes:
Symmetric Routing: In symmetric IRB (Integrated Routing and Bridging), routing occurs in both directions at the ingress and egress leaf nodes using the same routing logic. This is contrasted with asymmetric routing, where different routing logic is used depending on the direction of the traffic.
Required Components:
Option A: An L3 IRB interface is necessary for each VLAN that participates in routing, as it handles the Layer 3 processing for the VLAN.
Option B: MAC-VRF is required for symmetric routing to maintain a mapping of MAC addresses to the appropriate VRF, ensuring correct forwarding within the EVPN.
Option D: A transit VNI (Virtual Network Identifier) is required for each VRF to encapsulate the Layer 3 traffic as it traverses the network, allowing the IP traffic to be appropriately forwarded.
Conclusion:
Option A: Correct---Each local VLAN needs an IRB interface for L3 processing.
Option B: Correct---MAC-VRF is necessary for handling MAC address resolution in symmetric routing.
Option D: Correct---Transit VNIs are required for routing VRF-specific traffic across the network.
Options C and E are incorrect because:
C: Symmetric routing can work with various VLAN models, including single or multiple VLANs within an EVPN instance.
E: Symmetric routing is generally more efficient than asymmetric routing as it uses consistent routing logic in both directions.
In your EVPN-VXAN environment, you want to prevent a multihomed server from receiving multiple copies of BUM traffic in active/active scenarios. Which EVPN route type would satisfy this requirement?
Understanding the Scenario:
In an EVPN-VXLAN environment, when using multi-homing in active/active scenarios, there's a risk that a multihomed server might receive duplicate copies of Broadcast, Unknown unicast, and Multicast (BUM) traffic. This is because multiple VTEPs might forward the same BUM traffic to the server.
EVPN Route Types:
Type 4 Route (Ethernet Segment Route): This route type is used to advertise the Ethernet Segment (ES) to which the device is connected. It is specifically used in multi-homing scenarios to signal the ES and its associated Ethernet Tag to all the remote VTEPs. The Type 4 route includes information that helps prevent BUM traffic duplication in active/active multi-homing by using a split-horizon mechanism, which ensures that traffic sent to a multihomed device does not get looped back.
The Type 4 route is crucial for ensuring that in a multi-homed setup, particularly in an active/active configuration, BUM traffic does not result in duplication at the server. The route helps coordinate which VTEP is responsible for forwarding the BUM traffic to the server, thereby preventing duplicate traffic.
Data Center Reference:
Type 4 routes are essential for managing multi-homing in EVPN to avoid the issues of BUM traffic duplication, which could otherwise lead to inefficiencies and potential network issues.
You are asked to interconnect two of your company's data centers across an IP backbone. Both data centers require Layer 2 and Layer 3 connectivity. In this scenario, which three actions would accomplish this task? (Choose three.)
Layer 2 and Layer 3 Connectivity Requirements:
To interconnect two data centers across an IP backbone with both Layer 2 (L2) and Layer 3 (L3) connectivity, EVPN-VXLAN (Ethernet VPN with Virtual Extensible LAN) is the ideal solution. EVPN supports L2 VPNs while also enabling L3 connectivity across multiple locations.
Necessary EVPN Route Types:
Type 2 EVPN Routes: These routes are used to advertise MAC addresses for Layer 2 connectivity. They are essential for enabling seamless L2 communication across data centers.
Type 5 EVPN Routes: These routes are necessary for advertising IP prefixes for Layer 3 connectivity between data centers. They enable the exchange of L3 information across the IP backbone, ensuring routed traffic can reach its destination.
Border Leaf Nodes:
Border Leaf Nodes: Ensuring that the border leaf nodes (the entry and exit points for traffic between data centers) can exchange EVPN routes is critical for the correct dissemination of both L2 and L3 information across the data centers.
Conclusion:
Option A: Correct---Type 2 EVPN routes are required for Layer 2 MAC address learning and communication across the DCI (Data Center Interconnect).
Option B: Correct---Border leaf nodes need to exchange EVPN routes to maintain connectivity between data centers.
Option D: Correct---Type 5 EVPN routes are essential for Layer 3 connectivity across the DCI.
Options C and E are incorrect because they refer to establishing full mesh VTEPs (VXLAN Tunnel Endpoints) across all spine or leaf nodes, which is unnecessary for the scenario provided. The focus should be on border leaf nodes and appropriate route advertisements for L2 and L3 connectivity.
