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Which BGP message type is used to re-advertise routes that have already been sent to a peer and acknowledged using TCP?
In BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), the Update message is used to advertise new routes to a peer or to withdraw previously advertised routes. If there's a change in the routing information or if a new route needs to be advertised, BGP uses an Update message. This message is crucial for maintaining the most current and accurate routing information among BGP peers.
The other message types serve different purposes:
Keepalive: This message type is used to maintain the connection between BGP peers and ensure that the link is still active. Keepalive messages are periodically sent between peers when there is no other BGP activity to maintain the session.
Notification: This message is used to indicate errors or other significant events to a BGP peer. If a BGP error condition is detected, a Notification message is sent and the BGP session is typically closed.
Refresh: This is not a standard BGP message type. However, in the context of BGP, Route Refresh is a capability (not a message type) that allows a BGP router to request a full or partial re-advertisement of routes from a peer. This helps in re-synchronizing routing tables without tearing down the BGP session.
The BGP Update message is used to advertise routable destinations and includes route advertisements, route withdrawals, and path attribute modifications. Update messages are used to re-advertise routes that have already been acknowledged. Reference::
BGP Operations and Message Types Overview, Juniper Networks Documentation
BGP Update Message, Juniper Networks Documentation
Which new field is added to an IPv6 header as compared lo IPv4?
The IPv6 header includes a new field that is not found in the IPv4 header, called the flow label. The flow label in IPv6 is used to identify packets that require special handling by routers for quality of service (QoS) or other reasons, allowing these packets to be handled efficiently as they move through the network.
Juniper Networks Technical Documentation on IPv6
IPv6 Header Fields - Juniper Networks
You are bringing a new network online with three MX Series devices enabled for STP. No root bridge priority has been configured. Which statement is true in this scenario?
https://supportportal.juniper.net/s/article/EX-Identify-the-Root-Bridge-in-a-Spanning-Tree-STP-network?language=en_US The root bridge in a spanning-tree network is the bridge with the smallest or the lowest bridge ID.
In the absence of a manually configured priority, the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) elects the root bridge based on the lowest bridge ID, which is a combination of the priority and the MAC address. The device with the lowest MAC address will have the lowest bridge ID and thus be elected as the root bridge.
Juniper Networks Technical Documentation on STP
You want to see a detailed list of all established BGP sessions. In this scenario, what would be a valid command to accomplish this task?
The show bgp neighbor command in Junos OS provides a detailed description of each BGP session, including session state, options configured, and counters for messages sent and received. This is the command you would use to see a detailed list of all established BGP sessions.
Juniper Networks documentation on BGP: BGP Commands
Exhibit
You are advertising a summary route that represents your local network (172.20.0.0716) to both ISP A and ISPB. You want to influence all traffic sent to you from ISP C to go through R2.
How would you accomplish this task?
To influence ISP C to prefer the path through R2 for the 172.20.0.0/16 network, R2 should make its path less preferable to ISP B by prepending its AS number multiple times. This makes the path through R2 appear longer and less desirable to ISP C, which would receive these updates from ISP B. AS path length is a well-known attribute in BGP and is used to determine the best path; paths with a longer AS path are considered less preferable.
Juniper Networks documentation on BGP: BGP Path Selection and Configuration
