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Exhibit:
Referring to the exhibit, what is the route preference of the 172.25.11.254 next hop?
In the exhibit, we see two next-hop addresses for the default static route (0.0.0.0/0):
The first next hop is 172.25.11.254, with no specified preference.
The second next hop is 172.25.11.200, with a specified preference of 140.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
Default Static Route Preference:
If no preference is explicitly set for a next hop in Junos, it defaults to 5 for static routes.
Determining Preference:
In this case, the next hop 172.25.11.254 does not have an explicit preference defined, so it will use the default value of 5. The second next hop has a preference of 140, which is higher, meaning it will only be used if the primary next hop is unavailable.
Juniper Reference:
Static Route Preference: In Junos, the default preference for static routes is 5, and this value is applied unless overridden by the preference parameter.
What is the default route preference of a static route in the Junos OS?
In Junos OS, the default route preference for a static route is 5. Route preference values are used to determine which route should be installed in the routing table when multiple routes to the same destination are available.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
Static Route Preference:
A static route, by default, has a preference of 5, making it a highly preferred route. Lower preference values are more preferred in Junos, meaning static routes take precedence over most dynamic routing protocol routes, such as OSPF (preference 10) or BGP (preference 170).
Route Preference:
Route preference is a key factor in the Junos routing decision process. Routes with lower preference values are preferred and installed in the forwarding table.
Juniper Reference:
Static Routes: In Junos, the default preference for static routes is 5, making them more preferred than most dynamic routes.
You are troubleshooting a downed BGP session.
Referring to the exhibit, what is the cause of the problem?
The BGP session in the exhibit shows the state as Connect, which indicates that the TCP session between the BGP peers has not been fully established.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
BGP State 'Connect':
The Connect state is the second stage in the BGP finite state machine (FSM). At this stage, BGP is trying to establish a TCP session with the peer, but the session has not yet been successfully established.
A successful TCP three-way handshake (SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK) is required before BGP can progress to the OpenSent state, where the peers exchange BGP Open messages.
Possible Causes:
A firewall blocking TCP port 179.
Incorrect IP addresses or network connectivity issues between the BGP peers.
Juniper Reference:
BGP Troubleshooting: In Junos, if a BGP session is stuck in the Connect state, the issue is likely due to a failure in establishing the underlying TCP connection.
MACsec provides protection against which two types of threats? (Choose two.)
MACsec (Media Access Control Security) provides data confidentiality, integrity, and origin authenticity at Layer 2, protecting against several types of threats.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
Man-in-the-Middle Attack Protection:
MACsec encrypts traffic at Layer 2, preventing man-in-the-middle attacks where an attacker intercepts and manipulates traffic between two communicating devices. Since the data is encrypted, any intercepted packets are unreadable.
Protection Against Playback Attacks:
MACsec also protects against playback attacks by using sequence numbers and timestamps to ensure that old, replayed packets are not accepted by the receiver.
Juniper Reference:
MACsec Configuration: Juniper devices support MACsec for securing Layer 2 communications, ensuring protection against replay and man-in-the-middle attacks in sensitive environments.
Which statement is correct about member interfaces when creating a LAG?
When creating a LAG (Link Aggregation Group) in Junos, the duplex settings and link speed must be the same across all member interfaces.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
LAG Overview:
A LAG combines multiple physical interfaces into a single logical interface to increase bandwidth and provide redundancy. All member links must act as a single cohesive unit.
Interface Requirements:
Duplex: All member interfaces must operate in the same duplex mode (either full-duplex or half-duplex). Mismatched duplex settings can cause performance issues, packet drops, or interface errors.
Link Speed: All interfaces in the LAG must have the same link speed (e.g., all interfaces must be 1 Gbps or 10 Gbps). Mismatched speeds would prevent the interfaces from functioning correctly within the LAG.
Configuration and Validation: Ensure that all member interfaces have identical settings before adding them to the LAG. These settings can be checked using the show interfaces command, and the LAG can be configured using:
set interfaces ae0 aggregated-ether-options link-speed 10g
set interfaces ge-0/0/1 ether-options 802.3ad ae0
Juniper Reference:
LAG Configuration: Duplex and link speed must be consistent across member interfaces to ensure proper LAG operation in Juniper devices.
