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You are working on a new product that will provide an online pizza ordering service. Not everyone wants to create a frequent-eater pizza account, so the user can either log in to their existing account, create an account or proceed as a ''guest" user. People with existing accounts have the option to update their accounts including changing address, changing credit card information and changing phone number. New account creation requires the user to enter their address, credit card information and phone number. This information Is validated to be sure the address matches the credit card information.
Once the user logs in, they are able to order their pizz
a. They can request up to five different pizzas and can select different ingredients on each. A user is allowed to pick up to 10 different ingredients per pizza. They can also select from a pre-defined set of ingredients as follows: ''meat lovers", ''all veggie', ''cheese please', and ''throw it all on".
The busiest day of the year for this product will be the day of the final football game of the professional season. In addition to the normal high load, the company will also be running a special on the ''cheese please" pizza (buy 3 get 2 more free). The new product will need to handle a load that Is expected to be twice as high as the load on the old product last year. Given this information, what is an important item that should be addressed In the architectural specification?
Considering the high load expected on the busiest day, particularly with a promotional offer like ''buy 3 get 2 more free'' on a pizza, addressing transaction concurrency in the architectural specifications is crucial. This ensures the system can handle multiple and simultaneous user transactions efficiently without data loss or service degradation. Proper handling of transaction concurrency is essential to maintain system integrity and responsiveness during peak times, which is a critical requirement for the online pizza ordering system on such a high-traffic day.
When planning and specifying security tests which of the following is NOT likely to be a useful part of the approach?
Analysis:
When planning and specifying security tests, it's essential to consider several critical aspects:
A . Identifying those from whom permission might be needed to run the tests:
True. It is crucial to get the necessary permissions, especially for penetration testing or other security tests that could be intrusive.
B . Re-assuring the (non-technical) Test Analysts that they will not need to be involved:
False. Security testing often requires a coordinated effort, and non-technical test analysts might still have roles, such as documentation, coordination, or assisting in test preparation. Excluding them entirely could lead to gaps in understanding and execution.
C . Ensuring that appropriate tools will be available for static analysis:
True. Having the right tools is vital for effective security testing, including static analysis tools for identifying vulnerabilities in the code.
D . Planning extra performance efficiency and reliability tests:
True. Performance efficiency and reliability are often linked to security (e.g., DoS attacks), so planning these tests is useful.
Explanation of Incorrect Option:
B: Excluding non-technical test analysts might undermine the testing process as they can still contribute in various supportive roles.
The ISTQB CTAL-TTA syllabus covers security testing and the planning required, highlighting the need for comprehensive involvement of all relevant stakeholders.
Sources:
ISTQB-CTAL-TTA Syllabus
General knowledge on security testing practices.
Consider the simplified logic below for crediting money to a bank account.
Receive money and account number to be credited
IF account number is valid
IF customer account is active
Store current account balance as oldBalance
Credit money to account
IF oldBalance < zero
IF balance now >= zero
Set message "Overdraft cleared"
ELSE
Set message "A/c overdrawn"
ENDIF
ELSE
Set message = "You have more money"
ENDIF
IF account holder is VIP customer
Send message by email to customer
ENDIF
ELSE
Set message "A/c inactive"
Send message by email to supervisor
ENDIF
ELSE
Add 1 to count of invalid inputs
ENDIF
What percentage of decision testing coverage has been achieved by the following suite of test cases?
Test Case A - Account number valid, account is active, oldBalance = -100, balance now = +200, not a VIP customer
Test Case B - Account number valid, account is active, oldBalance = -100, balance now = -50, is a VIP customer
To determine the percentage of decision testing coverage achieved by the given suite of test cases, we need to analyze the decisions and outcomes in the provided logic.
Detailed Analysis
Identify all decisions in the logic:
IF account number is valid
IF customer account is active
IF oldBalance < zero
IF balance now >= zero
IF account holder is VIP customer
Calculate the number of unique decisions:
There are 5 unique decision points in the logic.
Determine the possible outcomes for each decision:
IF account number is valid 2 outcomes (True, False)
IF customer account is active 2 outcomes (True, False)
IF oldBalance < zero 2 outcomes (True, False)
IF balance now >= zero 2 outcomes (True, False)
IF account holder is VIP customer 2 outcomes (True, False)
Test Cases Analysis
Test Case A
Account number valid True
Account is active True
OldBalance = -100 True (less than zero)
Balance now = +200 True (greater than zero)
Not a VIP customer False
Test Case B
Account number valid True
Account is active True
OldBalance = -100 True (less than zero)
Balance now = -50 False (less than zero)
Is a VIP customer True
Coverage Calculation
To calculate the decision coverage, we need to see how many of the possible outcomes are covered by the test cases:
IF account number is valid (True in both A and B, False not tested)
IF customer account is active (True in both A and B, False not tested)
IF oldBalance < zero (True in both A and B, False not tested)
IF balance now >= zero (True in A, False in B, both outcomes tested)
IF account holder is VIP customer (False in A, True in B, both outcomes tested)
Out of the 10 possible outcomes (2 for each decision), the given test cases cover 6 outcomes:
Account number valid True
Account number valid False (not covered)
Customer account active True
Customer account active False (not covered)
OldBalance < zero True
OldBalance < zero False (not covered)
Balance now >= zero True
Balance now >= zero False
Account holder is VIP True
Account holder is VIP False
Thus, 6 out of the 10 outcomes are covered by the test cases, giving us a decision coverage percentage of:
DecisionCoverage=(610)100%=60%\text{Decision Coverage} = \left(\frac{6}{10}\right) \times 100\% = 60\%DecisionCoverage=(106)100%=60%
The sample questions and answers provided in the ISTQB CTAL-TTA documentation confirm this calculation method and the expected coverage percentage for similar logical scenarios.
You are working for a company that has a product in the field that has reached its capacity. The system cannot handle any more users without a significant degradation in performance and a significant spike in resource requirements. As a result, your new product has strict requirements for performance efficiency and a specific growth requirement that is estimated for the next three years.
What type of testing should you conduct to make sure the future requirements will be met?
For a product that has reached its capacity limits and requires testing to ensure it can handle projected growth, scalability testing is the most appropriate. Scalability testing evaluates a system's ability to manage an increasing workload without compromising performance or other operational capabilities. This type of testing will help confirm whether the system can handle the estimated increase in load, which is aligned with the strict performance efficiency and growth requirements for the next three years
Given the following pseudocode:
Program tax check
BEGIN
yearly := 0
tax := 0
get (monthly)
get (tax_rate)
for I = 1..12 loop
yearly := yearly + monthly
tax := tax - (tax_rate * monthly)
ENDLOOP
salary := monthly * 12
IF salary = yearly THEN
print ("Salary OK")
ELSE
print ("Salary not OK")
ENDIF
year_tax := salary * tax_rate
IF year_tax = tax THEN
print ("Tax Problem")
ENDIF
END tax check
If control flow analysis is performed on the pseudocode, which of the following results is MOST likely?
Control flow analysis is a technique used to examine the sequence in which instructions or statements are executed within a program. In the given pseudocode, the key aspects to consider are the logical flow and any conditional branches that may lead to unreachable code.
The pseudocode provided is:
Program tax check
BEGIN
yearly := 0
tax := 0
get (monthly)
get (tax_rate)
for I = 1..12 loop
yearly := yearly + monthly
tax := tax - (tax_rate * monthly)
ENDLOOP
salary := monthly * 12
IF salary = yearly THEN
print ('Salary OK')
ELSE
print ('Salary not OK')
ENDIF
year_tax := salary * tax_rate
IF year_tax = tax THEN
print ('Tax Problem')
ENDIF
END tax check
Analysis:
Initialization and Input: yearly and tax are initialized to 0. The program takes monthly and tax_rate as input.
Loop Execution: The loop runs from 1 to 12, accumulating monthly into yearly and adjusting tax accordingly.
Salary Calculation and Check: After the loop, salary is calculated as monthly * 12. The program then checks if salary is equal to yearly. Given the loop accumulates monthly into yearly 12 times, salary will always equal yearly, making the IF salary = yearly condition always true. Thus, the 'Salary OK' message will always be printed, and the ELSE branch will never be executed.
Yearly Tax Calculation and Check: year_tax is calculated as salary * tax_rate. Then, it checks if year_tax is equal to tax. However, due to the accumulation and subtraction inside the loop, tax would likely not equal year_tax, making the condition IF year_tax = tax false in most practical scenarios. Therefore, the 'Tax Problem' message at line 19 is unlikely to be printed.
Conclusion:
Given this flow, the ELSE block associated with the IF salary = yearly condition (line 15) is unreachable. However, the critical analysis indicates that the code at line 19, which prints 'Tax Problem', is also unreachable due to the logic flow where the condition is rarely true.
Thus, the result is that line 19 is more certainly unreachable.
Reference: This analysis is derived from standard control flow analysis principles covered in the ISTQB CTAL-TTA syllabus and sample questions . The conclusion aligns with the answers provided in the ISTQB sample exam answers document .
