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What was the first privacy framework to be developed?
The first privacy framework to be developed was the OECD Privacy Principles. These principles were introduced by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1980 and laid the groundwork for many subsequent privacy laws and regulations. The OECD Privacy Principles include guidelines on data collection, data quality, purpose specification, use limitation, security safeguards, openness, individual participation, and accountability. These principles have had a significant influence on the development of privacy practices worldwide (IAPP, Certified Information Privacy Technologist (CIPT) materials).
SCENARIO
You have just been hired by Ancillary.com, a seller of accessories for everything under the sun, including waterproof stickers for pool floats and decorative bands and cases for sunglasses. The company sells cell phone cases, e-cigarette cases, wine spouts, hanging air fresheners for homes and automobiles, book ends, kitchen implements, visors and shields for computer screens, passport holders, gardening tools and lawn ornaments, and catalogs full of health and beauty products. The list seems endless. As the CEO likes to say, Ancillary offers, without doubt, the widest assortment of low-price consumer products from a single company anywhere.
Ancillary's operations are similarly diverse. The company originated with a team of sales consultants selling home and beauty products at small parties in the homes of customers, and this base business is still thriving. However, the company now sells online through retail sites designated for industries and demographics, sites such as ''My Cool Ride" for automobile-related products or ''Zoomer'' for gear aimed toward young adults. The company organization includes a plethora of divisions, units and outrigger operations, as Ancillary has been built along a decentered model rewarding individual initiative and flexibility, while also acquiring key assets. The retail sites seem to all function differently, and you wonder about their compliance with regulations and industry standards. Providing tech support to these sites is also a challenge, partly due to a variety of logins and authentication protocols.
You have been asked to lead three important new projects at Ancillary:
The first is the personal data management and security component of a multi-faceted initiative to unify the company's culture. For this project, you are considering using a series of third- party servers to provide company data and approved applications to employees.
The second project involves providing point of sales technology for the home sales force, allowing them to move beyond paper checks and manual credit card imprinting.
Finally, you are charged with developing privacy protections for a single web store housing all the company's product lines as well as products from affiliates. This new omnibus site will be known, aptly, as ''Under the Sun.'' The Director of Marketing wants the site not only to sell Ancillary's products, but to link to additional products from other retailers through paid advertisements. You need to brief the executive team of security concerns posed by this approach.
What technology is under consideration in the first project in this scenario?
The technology under consideration in the first project is cloud computing.
Cloud Computing: This involves using a network of remote servers hosted on the internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than a local server or a personal computer. This technology provides flexibility, scalability, and cost-effectiveness.
Data Management and Security: Cloud services can unify data management across the company by providing a centralized platform where all employees can access approved applications and data securely.
Third-Party Servers: Using third-party servers, a characteristic feature of cloud computing, aligns with the project's goal to provide company data and approved applications to employees.
Security Considerations: While cloud computing offers many advantages, it also requires careful attention to data security, including encryption, access controls, and regular security audits to protect sensitive information.
IAPP Privacy Management, Information Privacy Technologist Certification Textbooks
NIST SP 800-145: The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing
Which of the following would be the best method of ensuring that Information Technology projects follow Privacy by Design (PbD) principles?
Privacy by Design (PbD) Integration: Ensuring that IT projects follow PbD principles requires a comprehensive approach embedded throughout the development lifecycle.
Technical Privacy Framework: Developing a technical privacy framework that integrates with the development lifecycle is crucial. This framework provides structured guidance and tools for implementing privacy controls and processes from the initial design to the final deployment.
Lifecycle Integration: By integrating privacy into every phase of the development lifecycle (requirements, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance), privacy concerns are addressed proactively rather than reactively.
Reference: The IAPP documentation on Privacy by Design emphasizes the importance of integrating privacy into the system development lifecycle to ensure ongoing and consistent protection of personal data.
A company configures their information system to have the following capabilities:
Allow for selective disclosure of attributes to certain parties, but not to others.
Permit the sharing of attribute references instead of attribute values - such as ''I am over 21'' instead of birthday date.
Allow for information to be altered or deleted as needed.
These capabilities help to achieve which privacy engineering objective?
The capabilities described, such as allowing for selective disclosure of attributes, permitting the sharing of attribute references instead of actual values, and enabling alteration or deletion of information, align with the privacy engineering objective of disassociability. Disassociability refers to the ability to separate data from the individual to whom it pertains, thereby minimizing the linkage between personal data and the data subject. This concept is crucial for reducing privacy risks and ensuring that personal information is only shared on a need-to-know basis. The IAPP emphasizes disassociability as a fundamental principle in privacy engineering, helping to protect individuals' privacy by limiting the exposure of their personal information.
An organization is launching a new smart speaker to the market. The device will have the capability to play music and provide news and weather updates. Which of the following would be a concern from a privacy perspective?
The context of authority is a privacy concern when launching a smart device like a smart speaker. This concept involves ensuring that the device only collects, processes, and stores data within the scope of user consent and legal regulations. Without clear boundaries, there is a risk of unauthorized data collection and potential privacy violations.
Reference: IAPP CIPT Study Guide, 'Privacy in Emerging Technologies,' which includes discussions on context-aware computing and the importance of clear consent and authority boundaries.
