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The origin of privacy as a fundamental human right can be found in which document?
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948 as a response to the atrocities of World War II. It is considered the first global expression of human rights and fundamental freedoms. Article 12 of the UDHR states that ''No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.'' This article is the origin of privacy as a fundamental human right that has influenced many subsequent international and regional instruments, such as the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR), the OECD Guidelines on the Protection of Privacy, and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (CFREU).Reference:
IAPP CIPP/E Study Guide, page 7
[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]
[Article 12 of the UDHR]
Which kind of privacy notice, originally advocated by the Article 29 Working Party, is commonly recommended tor Al-based technologies because of the way it provides processing information at specific points of data collection?
What is the MAIN reason GDPR Article 4(22) establishes the concept of the ''concerned supervisory authority''?
Under what circumstances would the GDPR apply to personal data that exists in physical form, such as information contained in notebooks or hard copy files?
However, the GDPR also distinguishes between different types of processing activities and their legal bases. Processing activities are the operations performed on personal data, such as collection, storage, use, disclosure, or deletion. Processing activities can be either automated or manual. Automated processing means using technology to perform processing activities without human intervention. Manual processing means using human intervention to perform processing activities.
The GDPR requires that any processing activity that involves personal data must comply with certain principles and conditions, such as lawfulness, fairness, transparency, purpose limitation, data minimization, accuracy, storage limitation, integrity and confidentiality. These principles and conditions apply to both automated and manual processing activities.
Therefore, the GDPR applies to personal data that exists in physical form only when it is processed by an automated means in some way that affects its rights and freedoms. For example, if a company scans paper documents and stores them electronically in a database without deleting them after a certain period of time or when they are no longer needed for the original purpose for which they were collected (Article 6), then this would be considered an automated processing activity that involves personal data in physical form.
However, the GDPR does not apply to personal data that exists in physical form when it is handled in a sufficiently structured manner so as to form part of a filing system. For example, if a company keeps paper documents in folders labeled with names and dates on their office shelves without scanning them or storing them electronically anywhere else (Article 5), then this would not be considered an automated processing activity that involves personal data in physical form.
What GDPR Means for Your Physical Records - Access
Personal Data - Data Protection Act 2018
In which case would a controller who has undertaken a DPIA most likely need to consult with a supervisory authority?
