Free Huawei H31-124_v2.0 Exam Practice Questions & Explanations
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An operator is deploying a multicast VPN (MVPN) solution over an existing MPLS L3VPN backbone to support IPTV distribution for customers on separate VPNs. The design uses Default MDT groups within the provider network to carry PIM control traffic between PE routers connected to multicast sources and receivers of the same VPN. Which statement best describes the correct behavior of the Default MDT in this design?
In MVPN design, the Default MDT (Multicast Distribution Tree) is a shared provider-network multicast tree associated with a given VPN instance; all PEs participating in that VPN join this tree to establish PIM adjacencies over the core and to carry low-bandwidth traffic (typically control-plane multicast and low-volume data flows). High-bandwidth sources may later trigger a switch to Data MDTs. Default MDTs do not provide encryption inherently, are not per-source, and do not replace the role of Route Targets, which remain essential for unicast VPN route import/export.
A network administrator is troubleshooting a BGP/MPLS VPN scenario where two customer sites connected to different PEs are unable to exchange traffic even though both PEs have correctly configured VPN instances with matching Route Targets. Checking the BGP table shows that VPNv4 routes are being received but are not being imported into the local VPN routing table. What is the most probable cause?
Route Targets control which VPNv4 routes are imported into which VPN routing tables (VRFs). Even if the routes are received via MP-BGP, if the import RT on the receiving PE does not match the export RT attached by the sending PE, the routes will not be imported into the VRF. Differing IGPs among PEs do not affect VPN route import since VPNv4 exchange occurs over MP-BGP, not the IGP. MTU mismatches would cause packet fragmentation/drop issues, not route import failures. The VPNv4 address family, not plain IPv4, must be activated for VPN routes; this scenario states VPNv4 routes are already being received, so that's already functioning.
A carrier is implementing PTN (Packet Transport Network) equipment supporting T-MPLS/MPLS-TP for clock synchronization between base stations. The operator considers using standard MPLS control plane protocols instead of a static configuration to build the tunnels used for synchronization traffic. In the context of MPLS-TP as commonly deployed in Huawei PTN solutions, is it accurate to say that MPLS-TP typically operates without a dynamic control plane, relying on centralized NMS or static configuration for path setup?
MPLS-TP (Transport Profile) was specifically designed for transport networks requiring deterministic, OAM-rich, connection-oriented paths, and it is commonly deployed without a dynamic control plane (no LDP/RSVP-TE), relying instead on static provisioning via NMS/EMS, which provides more predictable behavior needed for carrier-grade transport and synchronization services. This is a defining characteristic distinguishing MPLS-TP from standard MPLS.
An ISP is deploying IS-IS as the IGP for its core network. The network has a mix of core routers and edge routers, and the design requires that Level-1 routers only maintain routes within their own area while Level-2 routers handle inter-area routing. A newly added router is configured as Level-1-2 but is not correctly advertising a default route toward Level-1 routers in its area. Which configuration is most likely missing?
In IS-IS, Level-1-2 routers set the ATT (Attached) bit in their Level-1 LSPs when they have connectivity to other areas via Level-2. This tells Level-1-only routers to install a default route pointing to the Level-1-2 router for inter-area traffic. If the ATT bit isn't functioning correctly, Level-1 routers won't receive a default route. OSPF redistribution is unrelated to IS-IS operation. A System ID conflict would cause adjacency failures, not default route issues. A missing NET would prevent IS-IS from running at all, not just default route advertisement.
A carrier network engineer is designing an MPLS L3VPN backbone using OSPF as the IGP within the MPLS domain and MP-BGP for VPNv4 route exchange between PE routers. During verification, a PE router fails to establish a stable LSP toward a remote PE, even though the underlying IGP routes are correctly learned. What is the most likely cause of this issue?
An LSP requires label distribution along the entire path. Even if IGP routes are correctly propagated, if LDP sessions are not established between all P and PE hops, labels will not be exchanged and the LSP will not form, breaking end-to-end MPLS forwarding. Route Distinguisher mismatches affect VPNv4 route uniqueness, not the underlying LSP formation. BGP peer authentication issues would prevent VPNv4 route exchange, not LSP setup, since LSPs are built via LDP/IGP, not BGP.