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Which of the following statements are true about a routing design that employs OSPF on the underlay network of a DC? (Select All that Apply)
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a routing protocol used in the underlay network of Huawei's CloudFabric DCNs. Let's evaluate each statement:
A . Typically, the IP address of Loopback0 is configured as the VTEP IP address and the same IP address is planned for active-active leaf nodes in the same group: This is true. Loopback0 IP is commonly used as the VTEP IP for stability, and in active-active leaf node groups (e.g., M-LAG), the same IP can be configured with VRRP or anycast to ensure consistency. TRUE.
B . The network type of spine and leaf nodes can be set to P2P in order to accelerate convergence: This is true. Setting OSPF network type to Point-to-Point (P2P) on spine-leaf links reduces overhead (e.g., no DR/BDR election) and speeds up convergence, a recommended practice in Huawei DCNs. TRUE.
C . This routing design is recommended when the DC has more than 300 switches: This is false. OSPF is suitable for smaller to medium-sized DCNs (e.g., up to 200-300 switches). For larger networks (>300 switches), EBGP is preferred due to better scalability and reduced complexity. FALSE.
D . It is recommended that all devices be planned in Area 0: This is false. While a single Area 0 is possible for small DCNs, multi-area OSPF is recommended for larger networks to manage scalability and reduce routing table size, avoiding a flat Area 0 design. FALSE.
Thus, A and B are true statements about OSPF routing design in a DC underlay.
An enterprise builds a DC and deploys iMaster NCE-Fabric to automatically deliver network configurations. After the engineer manually deploys the underlay network and delivers overlay network configurations through iMaster NCE-Fabric, it is found that tenant hosts cannot access external networks. Which of the following is not a possible cause of this fault?
In Huawei's CloudFabric Solution, iMaster NCE-Fabric automates overlay network (e.g., VXLAN) configuration, while the underlay network is manually deployed. Tenant hosts failing to access external networks indicate a connectivity issue, likely at the overlay-underlay boundary or security layer. Let's evaluate each option as a possible cause:
A . No return route is configured on the PE: This is a possible cause. The Provider Edge (PE) device (e.g., border leaf or router) must have a return route to the tenant's VXLAN network for external access. Without it, traffic from external networks cannot reach the DC. POSSIBLE CAUSE.
B . The engineer did not check whether the service loopback interface needs to be configured on the VXLAN network based on the switch model: This is a possible cause. Some Huawei switch models (e.g., CE series) require a service loopback interface as the VTEP source IP. If omitted or misconfigured based on the model, external connectivity fails. POSSIBLE CAUSE.
C . No firewall security policy is configured when host traffic passes through the firewall: This is a possible cause. If a firewall is in the path (e.g., between tenant VPC and external network), a missing security policy (e.g., allowing outbound traffic) blocks access. POSSIBLE CAUSE.
D . The MAC address of the NVE interface on the VXLAN network is not manually specified: This is not a possible cause. The Network Virtualization Edge (NVE) interface in VXLAN does not require a manually specified MAC address; it uses the switch's system MAC or auto-generates one. iMaster NCE-Fabric typically handles this automatically, and manual specification is neither required nor a common fault point for external access issues. NOT A POSSIBLE CAUSE.
Thus, D is not a possible cause of the fault.
Which of the following statements is false about M-LAG deployment?
M-LAG (Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation) on Huawei CE series switches enhances high availability and load balancing by making two switches appear as one. Let's evaluate each statement:
A . Multi-level M-LAG is mainly used to construct a large Layer 2 network in a DCN or directly connect DCNs at Layer 2: This is true. Multi-level M-LAG extends the topology across multiple layers or data centers, facilitating large Layer 2 domains, a common use case in Huawei DCNs. TRUE.
B . In multi-level M-LAG networking, you can manually configure the root bridge to prevent STP loops: This is true. Manual configuration of the root bridge (e.g., using STP priority) is supported to optimize path selection and prevent loops, especially in complex M-LAG setups. TRUE.
C . Multi-level M-LAG must be configured based on V-STP: This is false. While V-STP can be used to prevent loops, M-LAG does not require V-STP specifically. Standard STP, RSTP, or MSTP can also be configured, depending on the network design. The requirement is loop prevention, not a mandatory V-STP dependency. FALSE.
D . M-LAG networking can be classified into single-level M-LAG networking and multi-level M-LAG networking: This is true. Single-level M-LAG connects two switches directly to devices, while multi-level M-LAG extends across additional layers or devices, a recognized classification in Huawei documentation. TRUE.
Thus, C is the false statement because multi-level M-LAG does not mandate V-STP configuration.
Which of the following components is not required to provide necessary computing, storage, and network resources for VMs during VM creation?
This question pertains to OpenStack, a common virtualization platform in Huawei's HCIP-Data Center Network curriculum, where components collaborate to create and manage virtual machines (VMs). Let's analyze each component's role in providing computing, storage, and network resources during VM creation:
A . Nova: Nova is the compute service in OpenStack, responsible for managing VM lifecycles, including provisioning CPU and memory resources. It's essential for providing computing resources during VM creation. Required.
B . Neutron: Neutron is the networking service, handling virtual network creation, IP allocation, and connectivity (e.g., VXLAN or VLAN) for VMs. It's critical for providing network resources during VM creation. Required.
C . Ceilometer: Ceilometer is the telemetry service, used for monitoring, metering, and collecting usage data (e.g., CPU utilization, disk I/O) of VMs. While useful for billing or optimization, it does not directly provide computing, storage, or network resources during VM creation. Not Required.
D . Cinder: Cinder is the block storage service, providing persistent storage volumes for VMs (e.g., for OS disks or data). It's essential for providing storage resources during VM creation if a volume is attached. Required.
Thus, C (Ceilometer) is not required to provision the core resources (computing, storage, network) for VM creation, as its role is monitoring, not resource allocation.
In the VPC interworking scenario, traffic is checked and filtered only by the firewall in the source or destination VPC.
In Huawei's CloudFabric Solution, Virtual Private Clouds (VPCs) enable isolated network environments, and interworking scenarios involve traffic between VPCs. The statement claims that traffic is checked and filtered only by the firewall in the source or destination VPC. Let's evaluate:
VPC Interworking: Traffic between VPCs can be routed via a gateway (e.g., a Layer 3 gateway or centralized router) and may involve multiple security checkpoints depending on the design. Firewalls can be deployed in the source VPC, destination VPC, or a centralized location (e.g., a service chain or border gateway).
Firewall Role: The statement implies exclusivity (only one firewall), but in practice, traffic may be filtered by firewalls at both ends, a centralized firewall, or additional security devices (e.g., VAS nodes) in the path. For example, inter-VPC traffic might pass through a firewall in the source VPC for egress filtering and another in the destination VPC for ingress filtering, or a shared firewall in a hub-and-spoke model. Huawei's security architecture (e.g., with SecoManager) supports distributed or centralized filtering, not limited to a single VPC's firewall.
The statement is FALSE (B) because traffic is not restricted to being checked and filtered only by the firewall in the source or destination VPC; multiple firewalls or security devices may be involved.
