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On the network shown in the figure, IS-IS runs on R1, R2, R4, and R5, and the area ID is 49.0001. IS-IS runs on R3 and R6, and the area ID is 49.0002. The import-route isis level-2 into level-1 command is configured on R2 and R5. In AS 65000, R1, R3, R4, and R6 each establish IBGP peer relationships with R2 and R5. R2 and R5 are RRs, and R1, R4, R3, and R6 are clients. The IBGP peer relationships are established using Loopback0. The IP address of Loopback0 on each router is 10.0.X.X/32, and the router ID is 10.0.X.X, where X is the number of the router. R1 and R4 import the external route 192.168.1.0/24 to BGP through the import-route command, and R3 and R6 import the external route 192.168.2.0/24 to BGP through the import-route command. Which of the following statements are true?
On the network shown in the figure, IS-IS runs on R1, R2, R4, and R5, and the area ID is 49.0001. IS-IS runs on R3 and R6, and the area ID is 49.0002. The import-route isis level-2 into level-1 command is configured on R2.
In AS 65000, R1, R3, R4, and R6 each establish iBGP peer relationships with R2 and R5. R2 and R5 are Route Reflectors (RRs), and R1, R4, R3, and R6 are clients.
An iBGP peer relationship is established between R2 and R5, and the same cluster ID is configured. The iBGP peer relationships are established using Loopback0. The IP address of Loopback0 on each router is 10.0.X.X/32, where X is the router number.
R1 and R4 import the external route 192.168.1.0/24 to BGP through the import-route command, and R3 and R6 import the external route 192.168.2.0/24 to BGP through the import-route command.
Which of the following statements are true?
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
Understanding the BGP and IS-IS Network Topology in the Questio n :
IS-IS Areas:
Area 49.0001 (Level-1 IS-IS): R1, R2, R4, R5.
Area 49.0002 (Level-2 IS-IS): R3, R6.
R2 acts as an ABR (Area Border Router) and redistributes routes between Level-1 and Level-2 using import-route isis level-2 into level-1.
BGP Route Reflection & Peering:
R2 and R5 are Route Reflectors (RRs).
iBGP peering is established among all routers (R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6).
R1 and R4 import 192.168.1.0/24 into BGP, meaning this prefix will be advertised to all iBGP peers.
R3 and R6 import 192.168.2.0/24 into BGP, meaning this prefix will also be advertised to all iBGP peers.
Route Distribution Analysis:
Route to 192.168.1.0/24 (Imported by R1 & R4):
R1 and R4 advertise 192.168.1.0/24 into iBGP.
Since R2 and R5 are Route Reflectors (RRs), they will reflect these routes to all their iBGP clients (R1, R3, R4, R6).
R2 learns two valid routes to 192.168.1.0/24 (from R1 and R4).
R5, as another RR, learns both routes and advertises them as well.
R2 ultimately has three valid paths (direct from R1 and R4, plus a reflected route from R5).
Statement C is correct: The BGP routing table of R2 contains three valid routes to 192.168.1.0/24.
R5 also learns 192.168.1.0/24 from both R1 and R4.
Statement B is correct: The BGP routing table of R5 contains two valid routes to 192.168.1.0/24 (from R1 and R4).
Route to 192.168.2.0/24 (Imported by R3 & R6):
R3 and R6 import 192.168.2.0/24 into BGP.
R2 and R5 (Route Reflectors) learn this route and reflect it to their clients (R1, R3, R4, R6).
R4 receives three valid paths (directly from R3 and R6 via BGP, and one additional reflected path via R5).
Statement D is correct: The BGP routing table of R4 contains three valid routes to 192.168.2.0/24.
Checking Statement A:
R3 originally imports 192.168.2.0/24 and advertises it.
Since it is a Route Reflector Client of R5 and R2, it should have multiple routes via iBGP, not just one.
Statement A is incorrect because R3 should have multiple valid routes, not just one.
Final Conclusion:
B. The BGP routing table of R5 contains two valid routes to 192.168.1.0/24.
C. The BGP routing table of R2 contains three valid routes to 192.168.1.0/24.
D. The BGP routing table of R4 contains three valid routes to 192.168.2.0/24.
A. The BGP routing table of R3 does NOT contain only one valid route to 192.168.2.0/24 (it has multiple routes).
Thus, the correct answers are: B, C, D.
HCIP-Datacom-Advanced Routing & Switching Technology V1.0 -- BGP Route Reflection and iBGP Route Distribution
Huawei Official HCIP-Datacom Study Guide -- IS-IS Route Redistribution into BGP
Huawei Documentation on BGP Route Reflectors and Import-Route Behavior
On the OSPFv3 network shown in the figure, OSPFv3 is enabled on the interfaces connecting R1, R2, and R3. The router ID of each router is 10.0.X.X, where X is the number of the router. If you check detailed information about an LSA on R3, the command output shows that the LSA is generated by R2 and describes the IPv6 prefix address associated with the Router-LSA.
On the OSPF network shown in the figure, area 1 and area 2 are common areas. The IP address of Loopback0 on R5 is 10.0.5.5/32, and OSPF is enabled on this interface. If the abr-summary 10.0.5.0 255.255.255.0 command is run in area 2 (where R1 resides), which of the following routers have the route 10.0.5.0/24 in their routing tables?
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
Step 1: Understanding OSPF Areas and Summarization
Loopback0 on R5 has IP 10.0.5.5/32 and is advertised into OSPF.
The abr-summary 10.0.5.0 255.255.255.0 command is applied in area 2 on R1, which means:
Instead of advertising individual host routes (like 10.0.5.5/32), R1 advertises the summarized route 10.0.5.0/24 into Area 0 (Backbone).
This summarized route is then propagated into other areas via Area 0 (Backbone).
Step 2: Analyzing the Routing Table of Each Router
R5 (Originating Router in Area 2)
R5 only knows 10.0.5.5/32 because it's the originating router.
The abr-summary command does not affect R5 itself.
R5 does not have 10.0.5.0/24.
R1 (ABR for Area 2, Summarizing the Route)
R1 creates and advertises 10.0.5.0/24 into Area 0.
This summary route is sent to other areas via Area 0.
R2 (Connected to Area 0 & Area 1)
Since R2 is part of Area 0 (Backbone), it receives 10.0.5.0/24 from R1.
R2 has 10.0.5.0/24 in its routing table.
R3 (Connected to Area 0 & Area 2)
Since R3 is also connected to Area 0, it receives the summary route 10.0.5.0/24 from R1.
R3 has 10.0.5.0/24 in its routing table.
R4 (In Area 1, which is not directly connected to Area 2)
R4 belongs to Area 1, and unless explicitly advertised through inter-area summarization, it will not have 10.0.5.0/24.
Since no specific mention of summary advertisement into Area 1 is made, R4 does not get 10.0.5.0/24.
R4 does not have 10.0.5.0/24.
Final Answer: R2, R3 (Option B, C)
HCIP-Datacom-Advanced Routing & Switching Technology V1.0 -- OSPF Route Summarization
OSPF Inter-Area Route Advertisement via ABRs
OSPF Backbone (Area 0) Behavior and Route Distribution
On the network shown in the figure, IS-IS runs on R1, R2, R4, and R5, and the area ID is 49.0001. IS-IS runs on R3 and R6, and the area ID is 49.0002. In AS 65000, R1, R3, R4, and R6 each establish iBGP peer relationships with R2 and R5. R2 and R5 are RRs (Route Reflectors), and R1, R4, R3, and R6 are clients. The iBGP peer relationships are established using Loopback0 on each router, and the router ID is 10.0.0.X/32, where X is the number of the router. R1 and R4 import the external route 192.168.1.0/24 to BGP through the import-route command, and R3 and R6 import the external route 192.168.2.0/24 to BGP through the import-route command. Which of the following statements are true?
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
This question involves a network topology with IS-IS, iBGP, and route reflection, and we need to determine which statements are true, allowing for multiple correct answers. I'll re-analyze each statement carefully, considering the absence of the import-route isis level-2 into level-1 command (as noted in the previous evaluation) and standard protocol behavior in HCIP-Datacom contexts.
Network Overview:
IS-IS Configuration:
IS-IS runs on R1, R2, R4, and R5 in area 49.0001 (Level-1/Level-2).
IS-IS runs on R3 and R6 in area 49.0002 (Level-2 only, as implied by the figure).
Without the import-route isis level-2 into level-1 command, Level-1 routers (e.g., R1, R4) cannot directly learn Level-2 routes (e.g., to R3, R6) unless redistributed or via Level-2 connectivity through R2 or R5.
BGP Configuration:
AS 65000 uses iBGP with R2 and R5 as Route Reflectors (RRs), and R1, R3, R4, and R6 as clients.
iBGP peer relationships use Loopback0 addresses with router IDs of 10.0.0.X/32, where X is the router number (e.g., R1 = 10.0.0.1/32, R3 = 10.0.0.3/32, etc.).
R1 and R4 import the external route 192.168.1.0/24 into BGP using import-route.
R3 and R6 import the external route 192.168.2.0/24 into BGP using import-route.
Topology Insights:
The figure shows R2 and R5 as central hubs connecting Level-1/Level-2 IS-IS areas and serving as RRs for iBGP.
R1 and R4 are in area 49.0001 (Level-1/Level-2), while R3 and R6 are in area 49.0002 (Level-2).
External routes (192.168.1.0/24 and 192.168.2.0/24) are injected into BGP and distributed via iBGP.
Analyzing Each Statement:
A . The routing table of R4 contains two equal-cost default routes.
Analysis:
R4 is a Level-1/Level-2 router in area 49.0001. It can learn default routes (0.0.0.0/0) from Level-2 routers (R2, R5) if they advertise them (e.g., via default-route-advertise).
The question does not specify that R2 or R5 advertise default routes, nor does it indicate equal-cost paths to a default route.
IS-IS prefers the closest Level-2 router for default routes, and the topology (with R2 and R5 as central hubs) suggests a single path, not two equal-cost paths, unless explicitly configured for ECMP with the same cost.
Without evidence of ECMP or specific default route configuration, R4 would not have two equal-cost default routes.
Conclusion: This statement is false.
B . The route 192.168.1.0/24 in the routing table of R3 has two next hops.
Analysis:
The route 192.168.1.0/24 is imported into BGP by R1 and R4 (in area 49.0001) and reflected by R2 and R5 to their iBGP clients, including R3 (in area 49.0002).
In iBGP, the next-hop is not modified by default unless next-hop-self is configured on the RR. Thus, the next-hop for 192.168.1.0/24 from R1/R4 would typically point to R1 or R4, not R2 or R5.
R3, in area 49.0002 (Level-2), needs an IS-IS path to reach R1 or R4 (in area 49.0001). Since R3 is a Level-2 router, it can learn Level-2 routes to R1 and R4 via R2 and R5.
If R2 and R5 both reflect the route with the same next-hop (e.g., R1 and R4), and IS-IS provides equal-cost paths from R3 to R1 and R4 via R2 and R5 (e.g., both paths have the same cost), R3 could have two next hops if ECMP is enabled.
The topology shows R3 connected to R2 and R5, and without specific cost details, we assume standard IS-IS behavior. If the costs from R3 to R1 via R2 and to R1 via R5 are equal (e.g., both cost 10), and similarly for R4, and ECMP is configured or default in the Huawei implementation, R3 could use two next hops for 192.168.1.0/24.
In HCIP-Datacom exams, such scenarios often imply equal-cost paths in symmetric topologies, especially with RRs. Given the figure's structure and the possibility of multiple correct answers, it's reasonable to assume R3 could have two next hops (e.g., via R2 to R1 and via R5 to R4) if costs are equal and ECMP is enabled.
Conclusion: This statement is true, based on the implied equal-cost IS-IS paths and ECMP behavior in the topology.
C . The routing table of R1 does not contain the route 192.168.2.0/24.
Analysis:
The route 192.168.2.0/24 is imported into BGP by R3 and R6 (in area 49.0002) and reflected by R2 and R5 to their iBGP clients, including R1 (in area 49.0001).
iBGP ensures the route is propagated within AS 65000, so R1, as an iBGP client, will receive 192.168.2.0/24.
R1, in area 49.0001 (Level-1/Level-2), needs an IS-IS path to the next-hop (R3 or R6). Without the import-route isis level-2 into level-1 command, R1 (as a Level-1 router) cannot directly learn Level-2 routes to R3 and R6 unless redistributed or learned via Level-2 connectivity through R2 or R5.
Since R2 and R5 are Level-2 routers connecting the areas, R1 can learn IS-IS routes to R3 and R6 via Level-2, allowing it to resolve the next-hop and install 192.168.2.0/24 in its routing table.
Therefore, R1's routing table contains 192.168.2.0/24, making this statement false.
Conclusion: This statement is false.
