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On the OSPF network shown in the figure, the cost values of links are marked. IS-IS Auto FRR is enabled on R1. The primary path from R1 to 10.0.3.3/32 is R1 R2 R3, and the backup path is R1 R4 R2 R3.
Is this statement TRUE or FALSE?
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
Step 1: Analyzing the Primary Path
The given network uses IS-IS Auto FRR, which ensures a backup route in case of failure.
The shortest path from R1 to 10.0.3.3/32 is calculated based on the OSPF link costs:
Path 1 (Primary Path): R1 R2 R3
Cost: 10 (R1R2) + 5 (R2R3) = 15
Step 2: Checking the Backup Path
The statement claims that the backup path is R1 R4 R2 R3. Let's calculate the cost:
Path 2 (Backup Path via R4): R1 R4 R2 R3
Cost: 10 (R1R4) + 50 (R4R2) + 5 (R2R3) = 65 (Too high)
The backup path should be an alternative shortest path that is as close as possible to the primary path in cost.
R1 R4 R2 R3 is not a feasible backup path because the cost (65) is significantly higher than the primary path (15).
Step 3: Correct Backup Path Selection
If IS-IS Auto FRR is enabled, a feasible backup path should have a cost close to the primary path.
In this scenario, no viable alternative path meets the Auto FRR requirements efficiently.
The given backup path is incorrect.
Final Answer: FALSE (Option B)
HCIP-Datacom-Advanced Routing & Switching Technology V1.0 -- IS-IS Auto FRR Mechanism
OSPF Route Selection and Fast Reroute Principles
OSPF and IS-IS Path Cost Calculation
On the OSPFv3 network shown in the figure:
Area 1 is a stub area
Area 2 is a common area
Area 3 is an NSSA
The IPv6 address of Loopback0 on R6 is 2000::6/128.
The router ID of each router is 10.0.X.X, where X is the router number.
Which of the following statements are true?
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
To determine the correct answers, we need to analyze OSPFv3 behavior and Inter-Area-Prefix LSAs (Type 3 LSAs).
1. Understanding OSPFv3 Inter-Area-Prefix LSAs (Type 3 LSAs)
Type 3 LSAs (Inter-Area-Prefix LSAs) are generated by an ABR (Area Border Router) to advertise networks between areas.
If a router in one area learns a prefix from another area, it generates a Type 3 LSA to advertise it further.
Stub areas (Area 1) do not allow external LSAs, including Type 3 LSAs for external routes.
NSSA areas (Area 3) accept external routes but redistribute them as Type 7 LSAs before being converted to Type 5 LSAs by an NSSA ABR.
2. Analyzing Each Answer Option:
A. 'The Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA that is generated by R1 and describes 2000::6/128 exists in Area 0.' TRUE
R6 has 2000::6/128 in Area 2.
R2 is the ABR that brings this prefix into Area 0 as a Type 3 LSA.
R1, being in Area 0, learns this LSA from R2.
Thus, this statement is correct.
B. 'The Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA that is generated by R1 and describes 2000::6/128 exists in Area 3.' FALSE
R1 is not an ABR for Area 3, so it does not generate an LSA for 2000::6/128 in Area 3.
Instead, R3 (the ABR between Area 0 and Area 3) would be responsible for propagating routes.
This statement is false.
C. 'The Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA that is generated by R2 and describes 2000::6/128 exists in Area 1.' FALSE
Area 1 is a stub area and does not accept external LSAs (including Type 3 LSAs from other areas).
R2 cannot generate and send a Type 3 LSA for 2000::6/128 into Area 1.
This statement is false.
D. 'The Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA that is generated by R3 and describes 2000::6/128 exists in Area 2.' TRUE
R3 is an ABR and learns 2000::6/128 from R2 (which originally learned it from R6 in Area 2).
Since Area 2 is a normal (non-stub, non-NSSA) area, Type 3 LSAs are allowed.
R3 generates and advertises this Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA for 2000::6/128 into Area 2.
Thus, this statement is correct.
Refer to the exhibit.
On the OSPF network shown in the figure, the cost values of links are marked. OSPF IP FRR is enabled on R1, and the maximum load-balancing 8 command is configured in the OSPF process. Which of the following is the cost value of the route 10.0.35.0/24 in the routing table of R1?
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
To determine the cost value of the route 10.0.35.0/24 in the routing table of R1, let's analyze the possible shortest paths from R1 to R3 (which owns the 10.0.35.0/24 network) based on the given OSPF link costs:
Path 1: R1 R2 R3
R1 to R2: Cost = 20
R2 to R3: Cost = 10
Total Cost = 20 + 10 = 30
Path 2: R1 R4 R3
R1 to R4: Cost = 10
R4 to R3: Cost = 10
Total Cost = 10 + 10 = 20 (Lowest cost path)
Path 3: R1 R5 R3
R1 to R5: Cost = 10
R5 to R3: Cost = 10
Total Cost = 10 + 10 = 20 (Equal-cost path)
Final Calculation:
The two best equal-cost paths (R1 R4 R3 and R1 R5 R3) have a cost of 20.
Since OSPF supports equal-cost multi-path (ECMP) routing and maximum load-balancing 8 is enabled, OSPF will install both routes into the routing table with the same cost of 20.
The path R1 R2 R3 has a higher cost (30) and will not be chosen.
Final Answer: 20 (Option C)
HCIP-Datacom-Advanced Routing & Switching Technology V1.0 -- OSPF Route Calculation & Load Balancing
OSPF Equal-Cost Multi-Path (ECMP) and Route Selection
OSPF Fast Reroute (FRR) Mechanism
There are multiple types of MAC address entries on a switch. Which of the following entries are manually configured and cannot be aged out?
On the OSPFv3 network shown in the figure:
Area 1 is a stub area, Area 2 is a common area, and Area 3 is an NSSA (Not-So-Stubby Area).
The IPv6 address of Loopback0 on R6 is 2000::6/128.
The router ID of each router is 10.0.X.X, where X is the router number.
The stub no-summary command is configured in Area 1 on R2.
Which of the following statements is true?
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
Understanding OSPFv3 Areas and Routing Behavior
OSPFv3 Area Types in the Network:
Area 1 (Stub Area): Does not accept external LSAs (Type 5) but can receive Inter-Area-Prefix-LSAs (Type 3).
Area 2 (Common Area): Fully functional area that allows both Type 3 (Inter-Area) and Type 5 (External) LSAs.
Area 3 (NSSA - Not-So-Stubby Area): Does not accept Type 5 (External) LSAs but allows ASBRs to inject external routes using Type 7 LSAs, which are later converted to Type 5 in other areas.
Effect of stub no-summary Command on Area 1 (Configured on R2):
This command prevents Type 3 LSAs from entering Area 1, meaning R4 will not learn about 2000::6/128 from other areas.
R4 only has a default route (::/0) provided by R2 but not individual routes like 2000::6/128.
Route and Packet Flow Analysis
A . 'The LSDB of R4 contains the Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA that is generated by R1 and describes 2000::6/128.' (False)
R4 is in Area 1 (a totally stub area), which does not receive Type 3 LSAs.
Since 2000::6/128 is an external route from Area 2, it will not be present in R4's LSDB.
Thus, R4 does NOT have the Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA for 2000::6/128.
Statement A is incorrect.
B . 'The path for data packets from R4 to 2000::6 is R4 -> R1 -> R5 -> R3 -> R6.' (False)
R4 is in a totally stub area (Area 1), and it does not have a specific route for 2000::6/128.
It only has a default route (::/0) pointing to R2.
If R4 forwards traffic, it will send it to R2, NOT via R1, R5, and R3.
Statement B is incorrect.
C . 'The routing table of R4 does not contain the route 2000::6/128.' (True - Correct Answer)
R4 is in a totally stub area (Area 1), meaning it only receives a default route from R2 (::/0).
It does NOT receive specific routes like 2000::6/128.
Statement C is correct.
D . 'The path for data packets from R4 to 2000::6 is R4 -> R2 -> R6.' (False)
While R4 does forward all unknown traffic to R2 (due to the default route), R2 will NOT directly forward to R6.
R2 is an ABR (Area Border Router), and the actual path to 2000::6 must traverse Area 2, likely through other routers.
Statement D is incorrect.
Final Conclusion:
C. The routing table of R4 does not contain the route 2000::6/128.
Thus, the correct answer is: C. The routing table of R4 does not contain the route 2000::6/128.
HCIP-Datacom-Advanced Routing & Switching Technology V1.0 -- OSPFv3 Area Types (Stub, NSSA, Common)
Huawei Official HCIP-Datacom Study Guide -- OSPFv3 LSAs and Routing Table Analysis
Huawei Documentation on Stub Area Behavior with stub no-summary Configuration
