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Using the display startup command, you can view the running system software, running configuration file, startup system software, and startup configuration file, as well as the paths where these files are stored.
Options:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
The display startup command is used to check the startup and running configuration details of a Huawei network device.
It provides information on:
Running system software (currently active firmware).
Running configuration file (current settings in use).
Startup system software (firmware that will load on reboot).
Startup configuration file (configuration that will be applied on reboot).
Paths of these files in the storage system.
This command helps network administrators ensure that the correct firmware and configuration files are used when the device boots.
Reference: HCIP-Datacom Advanced Routing & Switching Technology -- System Management and Configuration Files
As shown in the figure, R1 to R4 are four routers in AS123. They all run OSPF to implement route reachability within the AS.
Network segments 10.1.1.0/24 and 10.4.4.0/24 are not advertised into OSPF.
R1 and R4 establish an IBGP peer relationship using Loopback0 and advertise network segments 10.1.1.0/24 and 10.4.4.0/24 into BGP.
Which of the following methods can be used to implement communication between PC1 and PC2?
Options:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
1. Understanding the Routing Issue
R1 and R4 are BGP routers and have an IBGP connection.
R2 and R3 are OSPF-only routers (they do not run BGP).
Networks 10.1.1.0/24 and 10.4.4.0/24 are advertised into BGP but not OSPF.
PC1 (10.1.1.1) and PC2 (10.4.4.1) need communication, but their networks are not known to OSPF routers R2 and R3.
To fix this, we need a method that ensures R2 and R3 learn the routes for 10.1.1.0/24 and 10.4.4.0/24.
2. Evaluating Each Answer Option
Option A: 'Deploy policy-based routing on R1 and specify R2 as the next hop for traffic from PC1 to PC2.'
Incorrect.
Policy-Based Routing (PBR) does not solve the issue of missing routes in OSPF.
Even if R1 forwards traffic to R2, R2 does not know how to reach 10.4.4.0/24, causing packet drops.
A proper routing protocol solution is required instead of PBR.
Option B: 'Deploy MPLS and LDP on R1 to R4 and establish LSPs for routes 1.1.1.1/32 and 4.4.4.4/32.'
Incorrect.
MPLS requires label-switched paths (LSPs) but does not distribute routing information itself.
The real problem is that R2 and R3 do not have routing entries for 10.1.1.0/24 and 10.4.4.0/24.
MPLS does not fix the missing route advertisement issue.
Option C: 'Run BGP on R2 and R3, and establish full-mesh IBGP connections in AS 123.'
Correct.
If R2 and R3 run BGP, they can form IBGP sessions with R1 and R4 and learn routes 10.1.1.0/24 and 10.4.4.0/24 via BGP.
R2 and R3 would then be able to forward traffic correctly between PC1 and PC2.
This is a valid method to fix the issue.
Option D: 'On R1 and R4, import routes 10.1.1.0/24 and 10.4.4.0/24 into OSPF.'
Correct.
By redistributing BGP routes into OSPF, R1 and R4 can ensure that R2 and R3 learn the missing networks (10.1.1.0/24 and 10.4.4.0/24) via OSPF.
This allows full reachability without running BGP on R2 and R3.
This is another valid method to fix the issue.
Final Answer:
C and D are correct.
HCIP-Datacom-Advanced Routing & Switching Technology Reference:
BGP and OSPF Route Redistribution
IBGP Full-Mesh Requirement and Route Propagation
How Policy-Based Routing Works and Its Limitations
On the network shown in the figure, SW3 is the user gateway and DHCP relay agent.
The administrator plans to configure DHCP snooping on SW3 to prevent DHCP attacks.
Which of the following commands does not need to be configured on SW3?
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
Understanding DHCP Snooping and its Configuration
1. What is DHCP Snooping?
DHCP Snooping is a security feature that helps prevent rogue DHCP servers from providing false IP configurations to clients.
It classifies switch ports as either:
Trusted (allowing DHCP replies from legitimate DHCP servers or relay agents).
Untrusted (blocking unauthorized DHCP responses from clients or attackers).
Analysis of the Commands
A. [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] dhcp snooping enable (Required)
Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 is connected to a DHCP client (PC2).
DHCP snooping must be enabled on this interface to filter DHCP messages and prevent rogue DHCP servers.
Since PC2 is a client, this port should remain UNTRUSTED.
This command is required.
B. [SW3] dhcp snooping enable ipv4 (Not Required - Correct Answer)
The correct command to enable DHCP Snooping globally on Huawei switches is:
dhcp snooping enable
There is no need to explicitly specify ipv4 since DHCP is inherently an IPv4-based protocol.
This command is unnecessary, making it the correct answer.
C. [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] dhcp snooping trusted (Required)
GigabitEthernet0/0/3 is connected to the DHCP relay agent, which forwards DHCP messages between clients and the DHCP server.
This port must be configured as 'trusted' to allow DHCP responses from the relay or the DHCP server.
This command is required.
D. [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] dhcp snooping enable (Required)
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is connected to a DHCP client (PC1).
Similar to Port 0/0/2, DHCP snooping must be enabled on this interface to filter DHCP messages and prevent rogue DHCP responses.
This command is required.
Final Conclusion:
A. Required (PC2's port needs DHCP snooping enabled).
B. Not required (Incorrect command syntax, ipv4 is unnecessary).
C. Required (Port connected to DHCP relay must be trusted).
D. Required (PC1's port needs DHCP snooping enabled).
Thus, the correct answer is: B. [SW3] dhcp snooping enable ipv4.
HCIP-Datacom-Advanced Routing & Switching Technology V1.0 -- DHCP Snooping Configuration and Security Mechanisms
Huawei Official HCIP-Datacom Study Guide -- DHCP Snooping on L2 and L3 Switches
Huawei Documentation on Configuring DHCP Snooping in Enterprise Networks
I-SPF and PRC can speed up ISIS route convergence. PRC does not calculate nodes. Instead, it updates routes based on the shortest path tree (SPT) calculated using the SPF algorithm.
On the network shown in the figure, EBGP peer relationships are established between neighboring routers through directly connected interfaces.
The router ID of each router is 10.0.X.X, and the AS number is 6500X, where X is the number of the router.
Both R1 and R4 have static routes to 192.168.1.0/24, which are imported to BGP through the import-route command.
R1 adds a community attribute (1:1) to the route before advertising it to its peers.
All routers are configured to propagate community attributes.
R3 is configured with a routing policy that rejects routes with the community attribute 1:1.
In this case, which of the following is the path for traffic from R3 to 192.168.1.0/24?
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
Understanding the BGP Network Topology in the Questio n:
BGP Peering & Route Distribution
Each router forms EBGP peer relationships with directly connected neighbors.
R1 and R4 import the static route 192.168.1.0/24 into BGP and advertise it to their peers.
Community attributes are attached to routes to influence routing policies.
Effect of Community Attribute 1:1
R1 marks 192.168.1.0/24 with community 1:1 before advertising it.
R3 has a policy that rejects any routes with community attribute 1:1.
Since R1's advertisement contains 1:1, R3 will not accept 192.168.1.0/24 from R2.
Route Selection and Traffic Flow Analysis:
R1 advertises 192.168.1.0/24 with community 1:1 to R2.
R3 rejects this route from R2 because of the configured routing policy.
R4 also advertises 192.168.1.0/24 to its EBGP neighbors without community 1:1.
R5 learns the route from R4 and advertises it to R3.
Since R5's advertisement does not include community 1:1, R3 accepts the route from R5.
Thus, the best available path for R3 to reach 192.168.1.0/24 is R3 R5 R1.
Correct Path: R3 R5 R1
Checking Each Option:
Option A: R3 R2 R4 (Incorrect)
R3 does not learn the route from R2 because it rejects community 1:1.
Since R1 added 1:1, and R2 propagated the same community, R3 will not accept this path.
Option B: R3 does not have a route to 192.168.1.0/24 (Incorrect)
R3 does have a route, but it learns it from R5 instead of R2.
Option C: R3 R2 R1 (Incorrect)
R1 marked the route with 1:1, and R2 advertised it with the same community.
Since R3 rejects 1:1 routes, it will not use this path.
Option D: R3 R5 R1 (Correct)
R5 learns the route from R4, which does not have community 1:1, and advertises it to R3.
R3 accepts this route and forwards traffic to R5, which sends it to R1.
Final Conclusion:
D. The correct path for traffic from R3 to 192.168.1.0/24 is R3 R5 R1.
Thus, the correct answer is: D.
HCIP-Datacom-Advanced Routing & Switching Technology V1.0 -- BGP Route Filtering and Community Attribute Configuration
Huawei Official HCIP-Datacom Study Guide -- BGP Best Path Selection and Community-Based Routing Policies
Huawei Documentation on BGP Community Attributes and Route Filtering
