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GRE is a VPN encapsulation technology that is widely used to transmit packets across heterogeneous networks. Which of the following statements is false about GRE?
GRE Characteristics
GRE does not inherently support encryption or authentication. It is a tunneling protocol for encapsulating packets, and data security features must be implemented using other protocols such as IPsec.
Other correct attributes of GRE include:
B . Supports multicast transmission.
C . Acts as a Layer 3 VPN encapsulation technology.
D . Can work with VPN protocols like IPsec for better security.
HCIP-Datacom-Core Reference
GRE features and limitations are discussed in VPN encapsulation technology chapters.
Fill in the blanks
A Huawei firewall by default creates security zones named untrust, dmz, _________ and local. (Use Lowercase letters.)
By default, Huawei firewalls create security zones named untrust, dmz, trust, and local. These zones facilitate security policies for inbound, outbound, and inter-zone traffic control .
Which of the following statement regarding the display ospf peer command output is true?
The command output indicates that the OSPF neighbor state is Full and that the neighbor relationship has been established. The statement confirms that the negotiation process during the exchange of DD (Database Description) packets has determined the role of the router, with the local device becoming the slave in the Master-Slave relationship, which is critical for LSA synchronization. The other options do not align with the output or OSPF principles
A wide area network (WAN) is a remote network that connects local area networks (LANs) or metropolitan area networks (MANs) in different areas for communication purposes. It is typically used to interconnect campus networks or data center networks.
Comprehensive and Detailed Step-by-Step
WAN Definition:
A WAN is a large-scale network spanning a wide geographical area, connecting smaller networks such as LANs and MANs.
Use Cases:
WANs are commonly used for interconnecting campus networks, branch offices, and data centers over long distances.
Correct Statement:
The statement accurately describes the purpose and scope of WANs.
HCIA-Datacom Study Guide, Chapter: WAN Fundamentals
Huawei Networking Basics
On an OSPF network, if two routers with the same router ID run in different areas and one of the routers is an ASBR, LSA flapping occurs.
Understanding Router ID and Its Role in OSPF:
In OSPF, the Router ID uniquely identifies a router within the OSPF domain. If two routers are configured with the same Router ID, it can lead to issues such as LSA conflicts and flapping. This is because the Router ID is used as a key in OSPF operations, including LSA generation and database synchronization.
Scenario Details:
Different Areas: Even if the two routers belong to different areas, the Router ID remains globally significant in the OSPF domain. This means that any duplication of Router IDs will confuse OSPF mechanisms.
ASBR (Autonomous System Boundary Router): When one of the routers is an ASBR, it generates Type 4 and Type 5 LSAs to describe external routes. These LSAs use the Router ID as an identifier. If another router in the network has the same Router ID, conflicts occur during LSDB synchronization.
Impact of Router ID Duplication:
LSA Flapping: The OSPF process receives conflicting LSAs from routers with the same Router ID. This results in continuous updates and withdrawals of these LSAs, causing flapping.
Routing Instability: LSA flapping leads to frequent recalculations of the OSPF shortest path tree (SPT), affecting overall network stability.
Conclusion:
The statement is TRUE. LSA flapping occurs when two routers in an OSPF network have the same Router ID, even if they are in different areas and one is an ASBR. This is due to the global significance of Router IDs in OSPF and the role they play in LSA generation and propagation.
