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You work as an ML engineer at a social media company, and you are developing a visual filter for users' profile photos. This requires you to train an ML model to detect bounding boxes around human faces. You want to use this filter in your company's iOS-based mobile phone application. You want to minimize code development and want the model to be optimized for inference on mobile phones. What should you do?
AutoML Vision is a Google Cloud service that allows you to train custom ML models for image classification, object detection, and segmentation without writing any code. You can use AutoML Vision to upload your training data, label it, and train a model using a graphical user interface. You can also evaluate the model's performance and export it for deployment. One of the export options is Core ML, which is a framework that lets you integrate ML models into iOS applications. Core ML optimizes the model for on-device performance, power efficiency, and minimal memory footprint. By using AutoML Vision and Core ML, you can minimize code development and have a model that is optimized for inference on mobile phones.Reference:
AutoML Vision documentation
Core ML documentation
You are training a deep learning model for semantic image segmentation with reduced training time. While using a Deep Learning VM Image, you receive the following error: The resource 'projects/deeplearning-platforn/zones/europe-west4-c/acceleratorTypes/nvidia-tesla-k80' was not found. What should you do?
The error message indicates that the selected GPU type (nvidia-tesla-k80) is not available in the selected region (europe-west4-c). This can happen when the GPU type is not supported in the region, or when the GPU quota is exhausted in the region. To avoid this error, you should ensure that the required GPU is available in the selected region before creating a Deep Learning VM Image. You can use the following steps to check the GPU availability and quota:
To check the GPU availability, you can use thegcloud compute accelerator-types listcommand with the--filterflag to specify the GPU type and the region. For example, to check the availability of nvidia-tesla-k80 in europe-west4-c, you can run:
gcloud compute accelerator-types list --filter'namenvidia-tesla-k80 AND zone:europe-west4-c'
If the command returns an empty result, it means that the GPU type is not supported in the region. You can either choose a different GPU type or a different region that supports the GPU type. You can use the same command without the--filterflag to list all the available GPU types and regions. For example, to list all the available GPU types in europe-west4-c, you can run:
gcloud compute accelerator-types list --filter'zone:europe-west4-c'
To check the GPU quota, you can use thegcloud compute regions describecommand with the--formatflag to specify the region and the quota metric. For example, to check the quota for nvidia-tesla-k80 in europe-west4-c, you can run:
gcloud compute regions describe europe-west4-c --format'value(quotas.NVIDIA_K80_GPUS)'
If the command returns a value of 0, it means that the GPU quota is exhausted in the region. You can either request more quota from Google Cloud or choose a different region that has enough quota for the GPU type.
Troubleshooting | Deep Learning VM Images | Google Cloud
Checking GPU availability
Checking GPU quota
You recently used BigQuery ML to train an AutoML regression model. You shared results with your team and received positive feedback. You need to deploy your model for online prediction as quickly as possible. What should you do?
BigQuery ML is a service that allows you to create and train ML models using SQL queries. You can use BigQuery ML to train an AutoML regression model, which is a type of model that automatically selects the best features and architecture for your data. You can also specify Vertex AI as the model registry, which is a service that allows you to store and manage your ML models. By using Vertex AI as the model registry, you can easily deploy your model to a Vertex AI endpoint, which is a service that allows you to serve your ML models online and scale them automatically. By using BigQuery ML, Vertex AI model registry, and Vertex AI endpoint, you can deploy your model for online prediction as quickly as possible, without having to export, import, or retrain your model.Reference:
BigQuery ML documentation
Vertex AI documentation
Preparing for Google Cloud Certification: Machine Learning Engineer Professional Certificate
You are developing a custom image classification model in Python. You plan to run your training application on Vertex Al Your input dataset contains several hundred thousand small images You need to determine how to store and access the images for training. You want to maximize data throughput and minimize training time while reducing the amount of additional code. What should you do?
Cloud Storage is a scalable and cost-effective storage service for any type of data. By storing image files in Cloud Storage, you can access them from anywhere and avoid the overhead of managing your own storage infrastructure. However, accessing image files directly from Cloud Storage can be slow and inefficient, especially for large-scale training. A better option is to use serialized records, such as TFRecord or Apache Avro, which are binary formats that store multiple images and their labels in a single file. Serialized records can improve the data throughput and reduce the network latency, as well as enable data compression and sharding. You can use TensorFlow or Apache Beam APIs to create and read serialized records from Cloud Storage. This solution requires minimal code changes and can speed up your training time significantly.Reference:
Cloud Storage | Google Cloud
TFRecord and tf.Example | TensorFlow Core
Apache Avro 1.10.2 Specification
Using Apache Beam with Cloud Storage | Cloud Storage
You are an ML engineer at a regulated insurance company. You are asked to develop an insurance approval model that accepts or rejects insurance applications from potential customers. What factors should you consider before building the model?
Before building an insurance approval model, an ML engineer should consider the factors of traceability, reproducibility, and explainability, as these are important aspects of responsible AI and fairness in a regulated domain. Traceability is the ability to track the provenance and lineage of the data, models, and decisions throughout the ML lifecycle. It helps to ensure the quality, reliability, and accountability of the ML system, and to comply with the regulatory and ethical standards. Reproducibility is the ability to recreate the same results and outcomes using the same data, models, and parameters. It helps to verify the validity, consistency, and robustness of the ML system, and to debug and improve the performance. Explainability is the ability to understand and interpret the logic, behavior, and outcomes of the ML system. It helps to increase the transparency, trust, and confidence of the ML system, and to identify and mitigate any potential biases, errors, or risks. The other options are not as relevant or comprehensive as this option. Redaction is the process of removing sensitive or confidential information from the data or documents, but it is not a factor that the ML engineer should consider before building the model, as it is more related to the data preparation and protection. Federated learning is a technique that allows training ML models on decentralized data without transferring the data to a central server, but it is not a factor that the ML engineer should consider before building the model, as it is more related to the model architecture and privacy preservation. Differential privacy is a method that adds noise to the data or the model outputs to protect the individual privacy of the data subjects, but it is not a factor that the ML engineer should consider before building the model, as it is more related to the model evaluation and deployment.Reference:
Responsible AI documentation
Traceability documentation
Reproducibility documentation
Explainability documentation
