GAQM CITM-001 Practice Exam Questions & Answers

Important decisions may require more care in analyzing data because they have higher stakes, greater uncertainty, and more complexity. Data analysis can help managers to identify patterns, trends, correlations, and causal relationships that can inform their decision making. Data analysis can also help managers to evaluate alternatives, test hypotheses, and predict outcomes. However, data analysis is not a substitute for judgment, intuition, and creativity. Managers should also consider the quality, reliability, and validity of the data, as well as the ethical and social implications of their decisions.Reference:CITM Course Outline,Sample Exam - GAQM,TEST 1 2020, questions and answers - CITM 102 TEST BANKS ... - Studocu

A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of data flow in any system.It uses defined symbols like rectangles, circles and arrows, plus short text labels, to show data inputs, outputs, storage points and the routes between each destination1. Data flow: data flows indicate the data movement between external entities, processes, and the data store.They're represented as arrows in the DFD with a short text label2.Therefore, the symbol that represents flow of data in DFD is arrow.Reference:1: What is a Data Flow Diagram | Lucidchart2: What Are Data Flow Diagrams? | Baeldung on Computer Science

Information can be defined as data that has been processed or organized in a meaningful way that reduces uncertainty. Information can be either tangible or intangible, depending on whether it has a physical form or not. For example, a printed report is tangible information, while an email is intangible information. Information can also be static or dynamic, depending on whether it changes over time or not. For example, a historical record is static information, while a stock price is dynamic information. However, the question asks for the two entities that define information, not the two attributes that describe information. Therefore, the correct answer is A and B, tangible and intangible.Reference:Sample Exam - GAQM, page 2, question 6.

Structured design and object-oriented design are two common approaches to design a system. Structured design is a method of breaking down a system into smaller and simpler modules, which can be independently created and tested. Structured design follows a top-down approach, where the system is divided into sub-systems, and then into modules, until the desired level of detail is reached. Structured design is suitable for systems that have well-defined inputs and outputs, and a clear hierarchy of functions. Object-oriented design is a method of modeling a system as a collection of objects, which have attributes and behaviors. Object-oriented design follows a bottom-up approach, where the system is built from reusable and interchangeable components, called classes. Object-oriented design is suitable for systems that have complex interactions, dynamic behavior, and multiple inheritance. Functional design and organizational design are not considered to design a system, but rather to describe the system's purpose and structure. Functional design is a process of defining the functions and processes that the system performs, and how they relate to each other. Functional design focuses on the what and why of the system, rather than the how. Organizational design is a process of defining the roles and responsibilities of the people and units involved in the system, and how they communicate and coordinate with each other. Organizational design focuses on the who and where of the system, rather than the how.Reference:Structured Design - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics,Object-Oriented Design - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics,Functional Design - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics, [Organizational Design - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics]

Classes are a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming and modeling. A class describes a group of objects that share the same features, constraints, semantics, and behavior. A class is shown as a rectangle with the class name and optionally with compartments for attributes and operations. Classes can be used to model real-world entities or system components.Classes can also have relationships with other classes, such as generalization, association, aggregation, or composition.Reference:1

Classes are a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming and modeling. A class describes a group of objects that share the same features, constraints, semantics, and behavior. A class is shown as a rectangle with the class name and optionally with compartments for attributes and operations. Classes can be used to model real-world entities or system components.Classes can also have relationships with other classes, such as generalization, association, aggregation, or composition.Reference: https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~sme/CSC340F/slides/11-objects.pdf

https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~jm/340S/Slides2/ClassD.pdf