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What step of the malware infection installs the malware on the target?
The term 'Dropper' in cybersecurity refers to a small piece of software used in malware deployment that is designed to install or 'drop' malware (like viruses, ransomware, spyware) onto the target system.
The Dropper itself is not typically malicious in behavior; however, it is used as a vehicle to install malware that will perform malicious activities without detection.
During the infection process, the Dropper is usually the first executable that runs on a system. It then unpacks or downloads additional malicious components onto the system.
Reference
Common Malware Enumeration (CME): http://cme.mitre.org
Microsoft Malware Protection Center: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi
In what default directory (fully qualified path) does nmap store scripts?
Nmap (Network Mapper) is a network scanning and security auditing tool. Scripts used by Nmap for performing different network discovery and security auditing tasks are stored in /usr/share/nmap/scripts. This directory contains a collection of scripts for NSE (Nmap Scripting Engine), which enables Nmap to perform additional networking tasks, often used for detecting vulnerabilities, misconfigurations, and security-related information about network services. Reference:
Nmap documentation, 'Nmap Scripting Engine (NSE)'.
How many main score areas are there in the CVSS?2
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) is a framework for rating the severity of security vulnerabilities. CVSS provides three main score areas: Base, Temporal, and Environmental.
Base Score evaluates the intrinsic qualities of a vulnerability.
Temporal Score reflects the characteristics of a vulnerability that change over time.
Environmental Score considers the specific impact of the vulnerability on a particular organization, tailoring the Base and Temporal scores according to the importance of the affected IT asset. Reference:
FIRST, 'Common Vulnerability Scoring System v3.1: Specification Document'.
Which of the ICS/SCADA generations is considered networked?
Industrial Control Systems (ICS) have evolved through several generations, each characterized by different technological capabilities and integration levels.
The third generation of ICS/SCADA systems is considered networked. This generation incorporates more advanced digital and networking technologies, allowing for broader connectivity and communication across different systems and components within industrial environments.
Third-generation SCADA systems are often characterized by their use of standard communication protocols and networked solutions, improving interoperability and control but also increasing the attack surface for potential cyber threats.
Reference
'Evolution of Industrial Control Systems and Cybersecurity Implications,' IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.
'Network Security for Industrial Control Systems,' by Department of Homeland Security.
A Security Association is a __________ way connection?
A Security Association (SA) in the context of IPsec is a one-way logical connection used for secure communication between two endpoints. IPsec requires two SAs to establish a secure, bidirectional communication channel---one for each direction (inbound and outbound). This arrangement ensures that each direction is independently secured, with its own set of security parameters. Reference:
RFC 4301, 'Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol'.
