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Tracy works as a CISO in a large multinational company. She consumes threat intelligence to understand the changing trends of cyber security. She requires intelligence to understand the current business trends and make appropriate decisions regarding new technologies, security budget, improvement of processes, and staff. The intelligence helps her in minimizing business risks and protecting the new technology and business initiatives.
Identify the type of threat intelligence consumer is Tracy.
Tracy, as a Chief Information Security Officer (CISO), requires intelligence that aids in understanding broader business and cybersecurity trends, making informed decisions regarding new technologies, security budgets, process improvements, and staffing. This need aligns with the role of a strategic user of threat intelligence. Strategic users leverage intelligence to guide long-term planning and decision-making, focusing on minimizing business risks and safeguarding against emerging threats to new technology and business initiatives. This type of intelligence is less about the technical specifics of individual threats and more about understanding the overall threat landscape, regulatory environment, and industry trends to inform high-level strategy and policy. Reference:
'The Role of Strategic Intelligence in Cybersecurity,' Journal of Cybersecurity Education, Research and Practice
'Cyber Threat Intelligence and the Lessons from Law Enforcement,' by Robert M. Lee and David Bianco, SANS Institute Reading Room
During the process of threat intelligence analysis, John, a threat analyst, successfully extracted an indication of adversary's information, such as Modus operandi, tools, communication channels, and forensics evasion strategies used by adversaries.
Identify the type of threat intelligence analysis is performed by John.
Tactical threat intelligence analysis focuses on the immediate, technical indicators of threats, such as the tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) used by adversaries, their communication channels, the tools and software they utilize, and their strategies for evading forensic analysis. This type of analysis is crucial for operational defenses and is used by security teams to adjust their defenses against current threats. Since John successfully extracted information related to the adversaries' modus operandi, tools, communication channels, and evasion strategies, he is performing tactical threat intelligence analysis. This differs from strategic and operational threat intelligence, which focus on broader trends and specific operations, respectively, and from technical threat intelligence, which deals with technical indicators like malware signatures and IPs. Reference:
'Tactical Cyber Intelligence,' by Cyber Threat Intelligence Network, Inc.
'Intelligence-Driven Incident Response: Outwitting the Adversary,' by Scott J. Roberts and Rebekah Brown
Sam works as an analyst in an organization named InfoTech Security. He was asked to collect information from various threat intelligence sources. In meeting the deadline, he forgot to verify the threat intelligence sources and used data from an open-source data provider, who offered it at a very low cost. Through it was beneficial at the initial stage but relying on such data providers can produce unreliable data and noise putting the organization network into risk.
What mistake Sam did that led to this situation?
Sam's mistake was using threat intelligence from sources that he did not verify for reliability. Relying on intelligence from unverified or unreliable sources can lead to the incorporation of inaccurate, outdated, or irrelevant information into the organization's threat intelligence program. This can result in 'noise,' which refers to irrelevant or false information that can distract from real threats, and potentially put the organization's network at risk. Verifying the credibility and reliability of intelligence sources is crucial to ensure that the data used for making security decisions is accurate and actionable. Reference:
'Best Practices for Threat Intelligence Sharing,' by FIRST (Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams)
'Evaluating Cyber Threat Intelligence Sources,' by Jon DiMaggio, SANS Institute InfoSec Reading Room
Steve works as an analyst in a UK-based firm. He was asked to perform network monitoring to find any evidence of compromise. During the network monitoring, he came to know that there are multiple logins from different locations in a short time span. Moreover, he also observed certain irregular log in patterns from locations where the organization does not have business relations. This resembles that somebody is trying to steal confidential information.
Which of the following key indicators of compromise does this scenario present?
The scenario described by Steve's observations, where multiple logins are occurring from different locations in a short time span, especially from locations where the organization has no business relations, points to 'Geographical anomalies' as a key indicator of compromise (IoC). Geographical anomalies in logins suggest unauthorized access attempts potentially made by attackers using compromised credentials. This is particularly suspicious when the locations of these logins do not align with the normal geographical footprint of the organization's operations or employee locations. Monitoring for such anomalies can help in the early detection of unauthorized access and potential data breaches. Reference:
SANS Institute Reading Room, 'Indicators of Compromise: Reality's Version of the Minority Report'
'Identifying Indicators of Compromise' by CERT-UK
Which of the following characteristics of APT refers to numerous attempts done by the attacker to gain entry to the target's network?
Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are characterized by their 'Multiphased' nature, referring to the various stages or phases the attacker undertakes to breach a network, remain undetected, and achieve their objectives. This characteristic includes numerous attempts to gain entry to the target's network, often starting with reconnaissance, followed by initial compromise, and progressing through stages such as establishment of a backdoor, expansion, data exfiltration, and maintaining persistence. This multiphased approach allows attackers to adapt and pursue their objectives despite potential disruptions or initial failures in their campaign. Reference:
'Understanding Advanced Persistent Threats and Complex Malware,' by FireEye
MITRE ATT&CK Framework, detailing the multiphased nature of adversary tactics and techniques
