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[Introduction to Incident Handling and Response]
A US Federal Agency network was the target of a DoS attack that prevented and
impaired the normal authorized functionality of the networks. According to agency's
reporting timeframe guidelines, this incident should be reported within 2 h of
discovery/detection if the successful attack is still ongoing and the agency is unable to
successfully mitigate the activity.
Which incident category of US Federal Agency does this incident belong to?
In the context of US Federal Agencies, incidents are categorized based on their impact on operations, assets, or individuals. A DoS attack that prevents or impairs the authorized functionality of networks and is still ongoing without successful mitigation efforts typically falls under Category 2 (CAT 2). This category is designated for incidents that have a significant impact, requiring immediate reporting and response. The reporting timeframe of within 2 hours as mentioned aligns with the urgency associated with CAT 2 incidents, emphasizing the need for swift action to address the attack and restore normal operations.
[Incident Handling and Response Process]
In which of the following types of insider threats an insider who is uneducated on
potential security threats or simply bypasses general security procedures to meet
workplace efficiency?
A negligent insider is an individual within an organization who, due to a lack of knowledge on security threats or in an attempt to increase workplace efficiency, inadvertently bypasses security procedures or makes errors that compromise security. This type of insider threat is not malicious in intent; rather, it stems from carelessness, oversight, or a lack of proper security training. Such insiders might click on phishing links, mishandle sensitive information, or use unsecured networks for work-related tasks, thereby exposing the organization to potential security breaches. This contrasts with compromised insiders (who are manipulated by external parties), professional insiders (who misuse their access for personal gain), and malicious insiders (who intentionally aim to harm the organization).
[Introduction to Incident Handling and Response]
Johnson an incident handler is working on a recent web application attack faced by the
organization. As part of this process, he performed data preprocessing in order to
analyzing and detecting the watering hole attack. He preprocessed the outbound
network traffic data collected from firewalls and proxy servers and started analyzing
the user activities within a certain time period to create time-ordered domain sequences
to perform further analysis on sequential patterns.
Identify the data-preprocessing step performed by Johnson.
The data preprocessing step performed by Johnson, where he analyzes user activities within a certain time period to create time-ordered domain sequences for further analysis on sequential patterns, is known as user-specific sessionization. This process involves aggregating all user activities and requests into discrete sessions based on the individual user, allowing for a coherent analysis of user behavior over time. This is critical for identifying patterns that may indicate a watering hole attack, where attackers compromise a site frequently visited by the target group to distribute malware. User-specific sessionization helps in isolating and examining sequences of actions taken by users, making it easier to detect anomalies or patterns indicative of such an attack.
[Introduction to Incident Handling and Response]
Which of the following best describes an email issued as an attack medium, in which several messages are sent to a mailbox to cause overflow?
Email-bombing refers to the attack where the attacker sends a massive volume of emails to a specific email address or mail server in order to overflow the mailbox or overwhelm the server, potentially causing it to fail or deny service to legitimate users. This attack can disrupt communications and, in some cases, lead to the targeted email account being disabled. Masquerading involves pretending to be another legitimate user, spoofing is the creation of emails (or other communications) with a forged sender address, and a smurf attack is a specific type of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack that exploits Internet Protocol (IP) and Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) to flood a target with traffic. Email-bombing specifically targets email services with the goal of causing disruption by overflowing inboxes.
[Forensic Readiness and First Response]
Which of the following types of digital evidence is temporarily stored in a digital device that requires constant power supply and is deleted if the power supply is interrupted?
Process memory (RAM) is a type of digital evidence that is temporarily stored and requires a constant power supply to retain information. If the power supply is interrupted, the information stored in process memory is lost. This type of evidence can include data about running programs, user actions, system events, and more, making it crucial for forensic analysis, especially in identifying actions taken by both users and malware. Collecting data from process memory helps incident responders understand the state of the system at the time of an incident and can reveal valuable information that is not persisted elsewhere on the device.
