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A Linux administrator is configuring a new internal web server fleet. The web servers are up and running but can only be reached by users directly via IP address. The administrator is attempting to fix this inconvenience by requesting appropriate records from the DNS team. The details are:
Hostname: devel.comptia.org
IP address: 5.5.5.1, 5.5.5.2, 5.5.5.3, 5.5.5.4
Name server: 5.5.5.254
Additional names: dev.comptia.org, development.comptia.org
Which of the following types of DNS records should the Linux administrator request from the DNS team? (Select three).
The Linux administrator should request the following types of DNS records from the DNS team:
A: This record type is used to map a hostname to an IPv4 address. The administrator needs four A records for devel.comptia.org, one for each IP address (5.5.5.1, 5.5.5.2, 5.5.5.3, 5.5.5.4).This will allow users to access the web servers by using the hostname devel.comptia.org instead of the IP addresses1.
CNAME: This record type is used to create an alias for another hostname. The administrator needs two CNAME records, one for dev.comptia.org and one for development.comptia.org, both pointing to devel.comptia.org.This will allow users to access the web servers by using any of these three hostnames interchangeably1.
NS: This record type is used to delegate a domain or a subdomain to another name server.The administrator needs one NS record for comptia.org, pointing to 5.5.5.254, which is the name server that hosts the records for the subdomain devel.comptia.org2.This will allow users to resolve the hostnames under comptia.org by querying the name server 5.5.5.2542.
The other record types are not relevant for the administrator's task:
MX: This record type is used to specify the mail exchange server for a domain or a subdomain1. The administrator does not need this record type because the web servers are not intended to handle email traffic.
PTR: This record type is used to map an IP address to a hostname, which is the reverse of an A record1. The administrator does not need this record type because the web servers are not expected to be accessed by their IP addresses.
RRSIG: This record type is used to provide digital signatures for DNSSEC, which is a security extension for DNS that verifies the authenticity and integrity of DNS responses3. The administrator does not need this record type because it is not mentioned in the task requirements.
SOA: This record type is used to provide information about the authoritative name server and other parameters for a domain or a subdomain1.The administrator does not need this record type because it is usually created automatically by the name server software when a new zone file is created4.
TXT: This record type is used to store arbitrary text data that can be used for various purposes, such as SPF, DKIM, DMARC, etc1. The administrator does not need this record type because it is not related to the web server functionality.
SRV: This record type is used to specify the location and port number of a service that runs on a domain or a subdomain1. The administrator does not need this record type because the web servers use the standard HTTP port 80, which does not require an SRV record.
A Linux engineer needs to block an incoming connection from the IP address 2.2.2.2 to a secure shell server and ensure the originating IP address receives a response that a firewall is blocking the connection. Which of the following commands can be used to accomplish this task?
The REJECT target sends back an error packet to the source IP address, indicating that the connection is refused by the firewall. This is different from the DROP target, which silently discards the packet without any response. The RETURN target returns to the previous chain, which may or may not accept the connection. The QUEUE target passes the packet to a userspace application for further processing, which is not the desired outcome in this case.
Reference
CompTIA Linux+ (XK0-005) Certification Study Guide, page 316
iptables - ssh - access from specific ip only - Server Fault, answer by Eugene Ionichev
A systems administrator wants to be sure the sudo rules just added to /etc/sudoers are valid. Which of the following commands can be used for this task?
The commandvisudo -ccan be used to check the validity of the sudo rules in the/etc/sudoersfile. Thevisudocommand is a tool for editing and validating the/etc/sudoersfile, which defines the rules for the sudo command. The-coption checks the syntax and logic of the file and reports any errors or warnings. The commandvisudo -cwill verify the sudo rules and help the administrator avoid any mistakes. This is the correct command to use for this task. The other options are incorrect because they either do not check the validity of the file (test,sudo, orcat) or do not exist (sudo vi check).Reference:CompTIA Linux+ (XK0-005) Certification Study Guide, Chapter 18: Securing Linux Systems, page 546.
An administrator is trying to diagnose a performance issue and is reviewing the following output:
System Properties:
CPU: 4 vCPU
Memory: 40GB
Disk maximum IOPS: 690
Disk maximum throughput: 44Mbps | 44000Kbps
Based on the above output, which of the following BEST describes the root cause?
The system has reached its maximum permitted throughput, therefore iowait is increasing. The output ofiostat -xshows that the device sda has an average throughput of 44.01 MB/s, which is equal to the disk maximum throughput of 44 Mbps. The output also shows that the device sda has an average iowait of 99.99%, which means that the CPU is waiting for the disk to complete the I/O requests. This indicates that the disk is the bottleneck and the system is slow due to the high iowait. The other options are incorrect because they are not supported by the outputs. The system has not reached its maximum IOPS, as the device sda has an average IOPS of 563.50, which is lower than the disk maximum IOPS of 690. The system is not mostly idle, as the output oftopshows that the CPU is 100% busy. The system does not have a partitioned disk, as the output oflsblkshows that the device sda has only one partition sda1.Reference:CompTIA Linux+ (XK0-005) Certification Study Guide, Chapter 17: Optimizing Linux Systems, pages 513-514.
Users in the human resources department are trying to access files in a newly created directory. Which of the following commands will allow the users access to the files?
The chgrp command is used to change the group ownership of files and directories. By using this command, the administrator can assign the files in the newly created directory to the human resources group, which will allow the users in that group to access them. The other commands are not relevant for this task. For example:
chattr is used to change the file attributes, such as making them immutable or append-only1.
chage is used to change the password expiration information for a user account2.
chcon is used to change the security context of files and directories, which is related to SELinux3.
The CompTIA Linux+ Certification Exam Objectives mention that the candidate should be able to ''manage file and directory ownership and permissions'' as part of the Hardware and System Configuration domain4.
The web search result2explains how to use the chgrp command with examples.
The web search result3compares the chmod and chgrp commands and their effects on file permissions.
