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[Information Gathering and Vulnerability Scanning]
A penetration tester runs a vulnerability scan that identifies several issues across numerous customer hosts. The executive report outlines the following:
The client is concerned about the availability of its consumer-facing production application. Which of the following hosts should the penetration tester select for additional manual testing?
Since the client is worried about the availability of their consumer-facing application, the perimeter network web server (Server 3) is the most critical because:
It is internet-facing, making it a prime target for attackers.
A compromise could lead to data breaches, downtime, or service disruptions.
Even though it has fewer vulnerabilities (14 vs. 92 on QA server), its exposure is higher.
Option A (Development sandbox server) : Internal and not publicly accessible.
Option B (Back-office file transfer server) : Important, but not consumer-facing.
Option C (Perimeter web server) : Correct. Publicly accessible and critical to operations.
Option D (Developer QA server) : May have more vulnerabilities, but it's less critical.
Reference: CompTIA PenTest+ PT0-003 Official Guide -- Prioritizing Vulnerability Testing
[Attacks and Exploits]
You are a penetration tester running port scans on a server.
INSTRUCTIONS
Part 1: Given the output, construct the command that was used to generate this output from the available options.
Part 2: Once the command is appropriately constructed, use the given output to identify the potential attack vectors that should be investigated further.
If at any time you would like to bring back the initial state of the simulation, please click the Reset All button.
Part 1 - 192.168.2.2 -O -sV --top-ports=100 and SMB vulns
Part 2 - Weak SMB file permissions
https://subscription.packtpub.com/book/networking-and-servers/9781786467454/1/ch01lvl1sec13/fingerprinting-os-and-services-running-on-a-target-host
[Attacks and Exploits]
A penetration tester gains access to a Windows machine and wants to further enumerate users with native operating system credentials. Which of the following should the tester use?
Windows provides built-in utilities for user enumeration and privilege escalation.
net command (Option C):
The net command is used to list users, groups, and shares on a Windows system:
net user
net localgroup administrators
net group 'Domain Admins' /domain
Useful for gathering privilege escalation targets and understanding user permissions.
Incorrect options:
Option A (route): Displays network routing tables, not user information.
Option B (nbtstat): Used for NetBIOS name resolution, but does not enumerate users.
Option D (whoami): Displays current logged-in user but does not list all users.
[Information Gathering and Vulnerability Scanning]
A penetration tester is getting ready to conduct a vulnerability scan as part of the testing process. The tester will evaluate an environment that consists of a container orchestration cluster. Which of the following tools should the tester use to evaluate the cluster?
Evaluating a container orchestration cluster, such as Kubernetes, requires specialized tools designed to assess the security and configuration of container environments. Here's an analysis of each tool and why Kube-hunter is the best choice:
Trivy (Option A):
Trivy is a vulnerability scanner for container images and filesystem.
Capabilities: While effective at scanning container images for vulnerabilities, it is not specifically designed to assess the security of a container orchestration cluster itself.
Nessus (Option B):
Nessus is a general-purpose vulnerability scanner that can assess network devices, operating systems, and applications.
Capabilities: It is not tailored for container orchestration environments and may miss specific issues related to Kubernetes or other orchestration systems.
Grype (Option C):
Grype is a vulnerability scanner for container images.
Capabilities: Similar to Trivy, it focuses on identifying vulnerabilities in container images rather than assessing the overall security posture of a container orchestration cluster.
Kube-hunter (Answer: D):
Kube-hunter is a tool specifically designed to hunt for security vulnerabilities in Kubernetes clusters.
Capabilities: It scans the Kubernetes cluster for a wide range of security issues, including misconfigurations and vulnerabilities specific to Kubernetes environments.
Conclusion: Kube-hunter is the most appropriate tool for evaluating a container orchestration cluster, such as Kubernetes, due to its specialized focus on identifying security vulnerabilities and misconfigurations specific to such environments.
[Attacks and Exploits]
Which of the following frameworks can be used to classify threats?
STRIDE is a threat classification model created by Microsoft that breaks down threats into six categories:
Spoofing
Tampering
Repudiation
Information disclosure
Denial of Service
Elevation of privilege
It is specifically designed for threat modeling.
PTES is a general pentesting methodology.
OSSTMM is a framework for operational security testing.
OCTAVE is a risk assessment methodology, not focused on threat classification.
