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Which of the following IP transmission types encrypts all of the transmitted data?
Definition of ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload):
ESP is a part of the IPsec protocol suite used to provide confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of data. ESP encrypts the payload and optional ESP trailer, providing data confidentiality.
ESP Functionality:
ESP can encrypt the entire IP packet, ensuring that the data within the packet is secure from interception or eavesdropping. It also provides options for data integrity and authentication.
ESP operates in two modes: transport mode (encrypts only the payload of the IP packet) and tunnel mode (encrypts the entire IP packet).
Comparison with Other Protocols:
AH (Authentication Header): Provides data integrity and authentication but does not encrypt the payload.
GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation): A tunneling protocol that does not provide encryption.
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) and TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): These are transport layer protocols that do not inherently provide encryption. Encryption must be provided by additional protocols like TLS/SSL.
Use Cases:
ESP is widely used in VPNs (Virtual Private Networks) to ensure secure communication over untrusted networks like the internet.
CompTIA Network+ study materials on IPsec and encryption.
A network administrator is reviewing a production web server and observes the following output from the netstat command:
Which of the following actions should the network administrator take to harden the security of the web server?
Comprehensive and Detailed
The netstat output shows that multiple ports are open, including Telnet (23), FTP (20), and TFTP (69), which are potential security risks. Disabling unused ports minimizes the attack surface, reducing security vulnerabilities.
Breakdown of Options:
A . Disable the unused ports -- Correct answer. Unused ports should be closed to prevent unauthorized access.
B . Enforce access control lists -- ACLs help control access but do not disable unnecessary services.
C . Perform content filtering -- Content filtering controls web traffic, not port security.
D . Set up a screened subnet -- A DMZ (screened subnet) improves security but does not address open ports.
CompTIA Network+ (N10-009) Official Study Guide -- Domain 3.4: Given a scenario, implement network security measures.
Which of the following steps in the troubleshooting methodology would be next after putting preventive measures in place?
After implementing a solution and putting preventive measures in place, the next step is to verify that the system is functioning correctly. This ensures that the issue has been fully resolved.
A network engineer is troubleshooting connectivity for a newly installed server on an existing VLAN. The engineer reviews the following output:
C:\> ipconfig
IP Address: 192.168.100.225
Mask: 255.255.255.224
Gateway: 192.168.100.254
Router# show ip route
C 192.168.100.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
Which of the following describes the issue?
The server's subnet mask is 255.255.255.224 (/27), which covers IPs from 192.168.100.224 to 192.168.100.255. However, the router only recognizes 192.168.100.0/24, indicating a mismatch between the server's subnet and the router's network.
Correct mask for the /24 network is 255.255.255.0, allowing 256 IPs from 192.168.100.0 to 192.168.100.255.
This mismatch would result in routing issues, especially with the gateway outside of the subnet range.
Reference:
CompTIA Network+ N10-009 Official Objectives: 5.2 -- Given a scenario, troubleshoot common wired connectivity issues.
Which of the following protocol ports should be used to securely transfer a file?
Port 22 is used for SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol) and SCP (Secure Copy Protocol), which encrypt file transfers using SSH (Secure Shell). This ensures data is transmitted securely over the network.
*Why not the other options?
*Port 69 (B) -- TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol): Transfers files but is not secure (no encryption).
*Port 80 (C) -- HTTP: Used for web traffic, not for file transfer.
*Port 3389 (D) -- RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol): Used for remote desktop access, not file transfer.
CompTIA Network+ (N10-009) Official Guide -- Chapter 5: Network Protocols and Ports
