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A security team is notified from a Cisco ESA solution that an employee received an advertising email with an attached .pdf extension file. The employee opened the attachment, which appeared to be an empty document. The security analyst cannot identify clear signs of compromise but reviews running processes and determines that PowerShell.exe was spawned by CMD.exe with a grandparent AcroRd32.exe process. Which two actions should be taken to resolve this issue? (Choose two.)
The observed process tree (AcroRd32.exe cmd.exe powershell.exe) strongly suggests malicious behavior, particularly in PDF-based malware attacks leveraging embedded scripts or exploits.
A is correct: Submitting the suspicious PDF to Cisco Threat Grid allows sandbox analysis to detect hidden malicious behaviors.
D is correct: The suspicious activity warrants quarantining the host to contain potential spread or further compromise.
Which scripts will search a log file for the IP address of 192.168.100.100 and create an output file named parsed_host.log while printing results to the console?
To determine the correct script, we evaluate the following requirements:
The script must search for the IP address 192.168.100.100.
The output should be written to a file named parsed_host.log.
The matching lines should be printed to the console.
Analysis of the options:
Option A: Correct IP regex used and correct output filename, but reads from parsed_host.log instead of a source log file like test_log.log (not ideal for initial parsing).
Option C: The IP address used is 192.168.100.101 instead of 192.168.100.100 --- incorrect.
Option D: Same IP address and logic as Option B, but uses print statement without parentheses, which is not valid in Python 3 unless using Python 2 --- not ideal.
Option B:
Uses correct IP: '192.168.100.100'
Reads from test_log.log (presumably the source log file).
Writes to output/parsed_host.log.
Prints each matching line and writes to output file --- satisfying all conditions.
ChatGPT said:
Which tool should be used for dynamic malware analysis?
Dynamic malware analysis involves executing the malware in a controlled environment to observe its behavior, such as file creation, network traffic, or system modifications. A sandbox is designed for this purpose---it safely executes and monitors suspicious code without risking the host system. The other tools (Decompiler, Unpacker, Disassembler) are primarily used in static analysis.
Correct answer: D. Sandbox
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Refer to the exhibit.
An employee notices unexpected changes and setting modifications on their workstation and creates an incident ticket. A support specialist checks processes and services but does not identify anything suspicious. The ticket was escalated to an analyst who reviewed this event log and also discovered that the workstation had multiple large data dumps on network shares. What should be determined from this information?
The event log shown in the exhibit is Event ID 104, which in Windows indicates 'The audit log was cleared.' This is a significant indicator of log tampering, a common post-exploitation technique used by attackers to hide their tracks after exfiltrating data or performing unauthorized actions.
The Cisco CyberOps Associate guide mentions:
'Log deletion events, especially Event ID 104, should be treated as potential evidence of malicious activity attempting to cover tracks'.
Combined with large data dumps to network shares, this indicates not only unauthorized activity but also deliberate efforts to erase forensic evidence---characteristic of log tampering.
An engineer is analyzing a ticket for an unexpected server shutdown and discovers that the web-server ran out of useable memory and crashed.
Which data is needed for further investigation?
The most relevant log for system-level events such as memory exhaustion and shutdown is /var/log/messages.log, which contains kernel and service-level logs including OOM (Out-Of-Memory) events.
As detailed in Linux investigations:
'Logs located in /var/log/messages provide critical system error reporting including shutdowns, memory errors, and service failures'.
