Free Cisco 300-101 Exam Practice Questions & Explanations
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A design team proposes migrating a hub-and-spoke WAN with 40 remote sites from static routes to a dynamic routing protocol over DMVPN. Management wants minimal changes to the hub configuration when new spokes are added, and the spokes must not become transit paths for other sites.
Which approach best satisfies these requirements?
EIGRP over a single multipoint DMVPN cloud scales well for hub-and-spoke: the hub can be a dynamic neighbor endpoint so adding spokes needs no per-spoke hub configuration, no ip next-hop-self eigrp preserves the original spoke next hop so spoke-to-spoke dynamic tunnels can form instead of hairpinning through the hub, and summarizing toward the spokes keeps their tables small and prevents them from becoming transit for other sites' specific routes.
OSPF with per-spoke areas and virtual links adds significant per-spoke hub configuration and complexity. Per-spoke BGP ASes with a full mesh is administratively unworkable at 40 sites. Retaining statics plus RIPv2 offers poor convergence and no reduction in administrative overhead.
Two routers are connected with a serial link running PPP. R1 is configured to authenticate R2 using CHAP. R2's debug output shows repeated CHAP challenge and response exchanges followed by a failure and the link cycling.
Which two conditions would cause CHAP authentication to fail in this scenario? (Choose two.)
CHAP relies on a shared secret and on names. The challenged router hashes the challenge with the password associated with the challenger's name, and the challenger validates using username <remote-hostname> password <shared-secret>. If the hostname sent does not match the configured username, or the passwords differ, the MD5 hashes will not match and authentication fails.
C is wrong because CHAP never sends the password in clear text; PAP does. D relates to physical layer timing and would prevent the line protocol from coming up entirely, not cause CHAP failure. E is wrong: CHAP is a PPP authentication protocol and requires encapsulation ppp.
A router acts as a PPPoE client toward an ISP. The dialer interface obtains an IP address, but users report that HTTPS sessions to some sites hang while ping and DNS work fine. The engineer suspects an MTU problem caused by the 8-byte PPPoE overhead.
Which configuration on the router best resolves the issue?
PPPoE reduces the usable IP MTU to 1492 bytes, so the TCP MSS must be no more than 1452 (1492 minus 20 bytes IP and 20 bytes TCP). The ip tcp adjust-mss 1452 command is applied on the interface facing the LAN clients so the router rewrites the MSS value in TCP SYN packets as they pass through. This fixes the classic symptom where small packets (ping, DNS) work but large HTTPS/HTTP transfers stall due to blocked PMTUD.
Setting the dialer MTU to 1500 makes the problem worse. Setting ip mtu 1492 on the LAN side does not influence the TCP MSS negotiated end to end. Disabling CEF is unrelated and harms performance.
Users complain that a file transfer application across a WAN link performs poorly. Packet captures show TCP retransmissions and a receive window that never grows beyond 64 KB, even though the path has 200 ms RTT and 100 Mbps of bandwidth.
Which TCP mechanism is required to allow the sender to fill the available bandwidth-delay product?
The 16-bit TCP window field limits the advertised window to 65,535 bytes. The window scale option (RFC 1323/7323), exchanged only in the SYN and SYN-ACK, multiplies the window so it can exceed 64 KB, which is required on long fat networks where the bandwidth-delay product is far larger than 64 KB.
SACK improves recovery efficiency after loss but does not raise the maximum window. PMTUD avoids fragmentation but does not affect window size. Nagle's algorithm reduces the number of small packets and can actually add delay for interactive traffic.
A network engineer notices that a branch router running CEF shows high CPU during peak hours. Using show ip cef switching statistics, many packets are being punted to the process level. The engineer confirms the destinations are reachable and in the FIB.
Which situation would legitimately cause packets to be punted from the CEF path to the process-switching path?
CEF handles the vast majority of traffic in hardware/interrupt context, but certain packet types cannot be handled by the FIB/adjacency table and are punted to the process level. These include packets with IP options set, packets requiring fragmentation, packets that trigger ICMP messages (unreachables, TTL expiry), packets destined to the router itself, and traffic hitting a glean or punt adjacency.
B, C and D describe normal CEF-switched traffic: dynamically learned prefixes are installed in the FIB, complete adjacencies with valid Layer 2 rewrite information are exactly what CEF needs, and dot1Q subinterfaces are fully CEF supported.