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A failure node and effects analysis (FMEA) should be classified in what cost of quality category?
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a preventive action methodology used to identify and mitigate potential failures before they occur.
Appraisal:
Involves measuring and evaluating products to ensure they meet quality standards (e.g., inspection and testing).
Prevention:
Involves activities designed to prevent defects from occurring.
FMEA falls under prevention as it proactively identifies potential failure modes and implements measures to mitigate them.
Control:
Involves monitoring processes to maintain quality, but does not directly relate to preventive analysis like FMEA.
Inspection:
Involves examining products or components to ensure they meet specifications, not preventive by nature.
Adjusting machine settings to reduce the effect of ambient temperature changes on the seal strength of a paper package is an example of
Robust design focuses on improving product and process designs to be less sensitive to variations, such as ambient temperature changes.
Adjusting machine settings to maintain consistent seal strength despite temperature fluctuations is an example of making a process more robust.
Robust design techniques aim to ensure that products and processes perform reliably under varying conditions.
Reference: 'Taguchi's Quality Engineering Handbook' explains the principles of robust design and its application in manufacturing.
Which of the following tools begins at the point of failure and works back through the process to the components?
Fault tree analysis (FTA) is a tool that begins at the point of failure and works back through the process to the components. FTA is used to identify the root causes of system failures by constructing a logical diagram of the various possible causes. This method helps in understanding the paths leading to a failure and identifying corrective actions. Reference: 'Reliability, Maintainability, and Risk' by David J. Smith, which describes fault tree analysis and its application in failure analysis.
Which of the following charts should be used to monitor leaks in plastic bottles?
The P chart, also known as the proportion chart, is used to monitor the proportion of defective items in a process. For leaks in plastic bottles, which are attribute data (defective or not), the P chart is appropriate as it helps track the fraction of defective units over time.
Montgomery, D.C. (2009). Introduction to Statistical Quality Control. Wiley.
ASQ. (n.d.). P Chart. Retrieved from https://asq.org/quality-resources/p-chart
The number of runs required by a full-factorial design with three factors each at two levels is equal to
In a full-factorial design with three factors, each at two levels, the total number of runs required is calculated by 2n2^n2n, where nnn is the number of factors. For three factors, 23=82^3 = 823=8. Thus, 8 runs are required to cover all possible combinations of factor levels.
'Design and Analysis of Experiments' by Douglas C. Montgomery
ASQ Quality Glossary
