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[Incident Response]
A company has recently recovered from a security incident that required the restoration of Amazon EC2 instances from snapshots. The company uses an AWS Key
Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed key to encrypt all Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) snapshots.
The company performs a gap analysis of its disaster recovery procedures and backup strategies. A security engineer needs to implement a solution so that the company can recover the EC2 instances if the AWS account is compromised and the EBS snapshots are deleted.
Which solution will meet this requirement?
This solution meets the requirement of recovering the EC2 instances if the AWS account is compromised and the EBS snapshots are deleted. By creating a new AWS account with limited privileges, the company can isolate the backup snapshots from the main account and reduce the risk of accidental or malicious deletion. By allowing the new account to access the KMS key that encrypts the EBS snapshots, the company can ensure that the snapshots are copied in an encrypted form and can be decrypted when needed. By copying the encrypted snapshots to the new account on a recurring basis, the company can maintain a consistent backup schedule and minimize data loss.
[Infrastructure Security]
A company plans to use AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) to implement an encryption strategy to protect data at rest. The company requires client-side encryption for company projects. The company is currently conducting multiple projects to test the company's use of AWS KMS. These tests have led to a sudden increase in the company's AWS resource consumption. The test projects include applications that issue multiple requests each second to KMS endpoints for encryption activities.
The company needs to develop a solution that does not throttle the company's ability to use AWS KMS. The solution must improve key usage for client-side
encryption and must be cost optimized.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
The correct answer is B. Use data key caching. Use the local cache that the AWS Encryption SDK provides with a caching cryptographic materials manager.
This answer is correct because data key caching can improve performance, reduce cost, and help the company stay within the service limits of AWS KMS. Data key caching stores data keys and related cryptographic material in a cache, and reuses them for encryption and decryption operations. This reduces the number of requests to AWS KMSendpoints and avoids throttling.The AWS Encryption SDK provides a local cache and a caching cryptographic materials manager (caching CMM) that interacts with the cache and enforces security thresholds that the company can set1.
The other options are incorrect because:
A . Using keyrings with the AWS Encryption SDK does not address the problem of throttling or cost optimization. Keyrings are used to generate, encrypt, and decrypt data keys, but they do not cache or reuse them.Using each keyring individually or combining them into a multi-keyring does not reduce the number of requests to AWS KMS endpoints2.
C . Using KMS key rotation does not address the problem of throttling or cost optimization. Key rotation is a security practice that creates new cryptographic material for a KMS key every year, but it does not affect the data that the KMS key protects.Key rotation does not reduce the number of requests to AWS KMS endpoints, and it might incur additional costs for storing multiple versions of key material3.
D . Using keyrings with the AWS Encryption SDK does not address the problem of throttling or cost optimization, as explained in option A. Moreover, using any of the wrapping keys in the multi-keyring to decrypt the data is not a valid option, because only one of the wrapping keys can decrypt a given data key.The wrapping key that encrypts a data key is stored in the encrypted data key structure, andonly that wrapping key can decrypt it4.
References:
1:Data key caching - AWS Encryption SDK2:Using keyrings - AWS Encryption SDK3:Rotating AWS KMS keys - AWS Key Management Service4:How keyrings work - AWS Encryption SDK
[Infrastructure Security]
A company has a batch-processing system that uses Amazon S3, Amazon EC2, and AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS). The system uses two AWS accounts: Account A and Account B.
Account A hosts an S3 bucket that stores the objects that will be processed. The S3 bucket also stores the results of the processing. All the S3 bucket objects are encrypted by a KMS key that is managed in
Account A.
Account B hosts a VPC that has a fleet of EC2 instances that access the S3 buck-et in Account A by using statements in the bucket policy. The VPC was created with DNS hostnames enabled and DNS resolution enabled.
A security engineer needs to update the design of the system without changing any of the system's code. No AWS API calls from the batch-processing EC2 in-stances can travel over the internet.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)
[Incident Response]
A company runs its microservices architecture in Kubernetes containers on AWS by using Amazon Elastic Kubemetes Service (Amazon EKS) and Amazon Auror
a. The company has an organization in AWS Organizations to manage hundreds of AWS accounts that host different microservices.
The company needs to implement a monitoring solution for logs from all AWS resources across all accounts. The solution must include automatic detection of security-related issues.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational effort?
[Identity and Access Management]
A security engineer needs to implement a write-once-read-many (WORM) model for data that a company will store in Amazon S3 buckets. The company uses the S3 Standard storage class for all of its S3 buckets. The security engineer must ensure that objects cannot be overwritten or deleted by any user, including the AWS account root user.
Comprehensive Detailed Explanation with all AWS References
To implement WORM in Amazon S3 where no user, including the root account, can modify or delete objects:
S3 Object Lock in Compliance Mode:
Compliance mode ensures that the WORM policy cannot be bypassed, even by the root user.
Objects cannot be overwritten or deleted during the specified retention period.
Incorrect Options:
B:Glacier Vault Lock applies only to Amazon S3 Glacier and is not relevant for S3 Standard storage.
C and D:Governance mode allows certain users (e.g., root user) to override retention settings, which does not meet the requirement.
