The AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional Exam (SAP-C02) validates your ability to design scalable, secure, and cost-effective solutions on Amazon Web Services. This certification is ideal for experienced AWS professionals who architect complex, multi-tier applications and manage enterprise-level deployments. This page guides you through the exam structure, key topics, and practical preparation strategies to help you succeed. Whether you're advancing your career or deepening your AWS expertise, understanding the SAP-C02 syllabus and question formats is essential for confident test day performance.
Use this topic map to guide your study for Amazon SAP-C02 (AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional Exam) within the Amazon Professional, AWS Certified Solutions Architect Professional path.
The SAP-C02 exam uses multiple-choice and scenario-based questions to assess both conceptual knowledge and practical decision-making in real-world AWS contexts. Questions progress in difficulty and require you to apply architectural principles under realistic constraints.
Questions emphasize decision-making under constraints, choosing between cost, performance, and availability trade-offs mirrors real architectural work.
Effective SAP-C02 preparation requires mapping the four core topics to a structured study schedule, practicing with realistic scenarios, and building confidence through timed assessments. Allocate study time proportionally to topic weight and your current knowledge gaps.
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Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity and Accelerate Workload Migration and Modernization typically account for a larger portion of the exam. However, all four domains are tested, so balanced preparation across all topics is essential. Review the official exam guide to confirm current topic weightings.
In practice, these domains overlap continuously. You design new solutions with organizational constraints in mind, migrate existing workloads using those designs, and then optimize and improve the running architecture. Understanding these connections helps you answer scenario questions that span multiple topics.
AWS recommends at least two years of hands-on experience designing distributed systems on AWS. Practical experience with multi-account setups, networking, security, and migration projects significantly strengthens your ability to reason through exam scenarios. If you lack depth in specific areas, lab practice and guided walkthroughs can help close gaps.
Frequent errors include overlooking compliance and governance requirements in design scenarios, choosing services based on familiarity rather than the specific business constraint, and misunderstanding service limits or pricing models. Read each scenario carefully for hidden requirements, and always consider trade-offs between cost, performance, and security.
Focus on high-difficulty practice questions and review any topics where you scored below 80% on practice tests. Take one full-length timed mock exam to simulate test conditions and refine your pacing. Spend remaining time reviewing service features, limits, and best practices rather than re-reading study materials, active recall and practice are more effective at this stage.
A company has migrated its forms-processing application to AWS. When users interact with the application, they upload scanned forms as files through a web application. A database stores user metadata and references to files that are stored in Amazon S3. The web application runs on Amazon EC2 instances and an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL database.
When forms are uploaded, the application sends notifications to a team through Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS). A team member then logs in and processes each form. The team member performs data validation on the form and extracts relevant data before entering the information into another system that uses an API.
A solutions architect needs to automate the manual processing of the forms. The solution must provide accurate form extraction, minimize time to market, and minimize long-term operational overhead.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
Extend the system with an application tier that uses AWS Step Functions and AWS Lambda. Configure this tier to use Amazon Textract and Amazon Comprehend to perform optical character recognition (OCR) on the forms when forms are uploaded. Store the output in Amazon S3. Parse this output by extracting the data that is required within the application tier. Submit the data to the target system's API. This solution meets the requirements of accurate form extraction, minimal time to market, and minimal long-term operational overhead. Amazon Textract and Amazon Comprehend are fully managed and serverless services that can perform OCR and extract relevant data from the forms, which eliminates the need to develop custom libraries or train and host models. Using AWS Step Functions and Lambda allows for easy automation of the process and the ability to scale as needed.
A company is running a workload that consists of thousands of Amazon EC2 instances. The workload is running in a VPC that contains several public subnets and private subnets. The public subnets have a route for 0.0.0.0/0 to an existing internet gateway. The private subnets have a route for 0.0.0.0/0 to an existing NAT gateway.
A solutions architect needs to migrate the entire fleet of EC2 instances to use IPv6. The EC2 instances that are in private subnets must not be accessible from the public internet.
What should the solutions architect do to meet these requirements?
A company has many services running in its on-premises data center. The data center is connected to AWS using AWS Direct Connect (DX)and an IPsec VPN. The service data is sensitive and connectivity cannot traverse the interne. The company wants to expand to a new market segment and begin offering Is services to other companies that are using AWS.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
To offer services to other companies using AWS without traversing the internet, creating a VPC Endpoint Service hosted behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) and making it available over AWS Direct Connect (DX) is the most suitable solution. This approach ensures that the service traffic remains within the AWS network, adhering to the requirement that connectivity must not traverse the internet. An ALB is capable of handlingHTTP/HTTPS traffic, making it appropriate for web-based services. Utilizing DX for connectivity between the on-premises data center and AWS further secures and optimizes the network path.
AWS Direct Connect Documentation: Explains how to set up DX for private connectivity between AWS and an on-premises network.
Amazon VPC Endpoint Services (AWS PrivateLink) Documentation: Provides details on creating and configuring endpoint services for private, secure access to services hosted in AWS.
AWS Application Load Balancer Documentation: Offers guidance on configuring ALBs to distribute HTTP/HTTPS traffic efficiently.
A security engineer determined that an existing application retrieves credentials to an Amazon RDS for MySQL database from an encrypted file in Amazon S3. For the next version of the application, the security engineer wants to implement the following application design changes to improve security:
The database must use strong, randomly generated passwords stored in a secure AWS managed service.
The application resources must be deployed through AWS CloudFormation.
The application must rotate credentials for the database every 90 days.
A solutions architect will generate a CloudFormation template to deploy the application.
Which resources specified in the CloudFormation template will meet the security engineer's requirements with the LEAST amount of operational overhead?
https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/security/how-to-securely-provide-database-credentials-to-lambda-functions-by-using-aws-secrets-manager/
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/secretsmanager/latest/userguide/rotating-secrets.html
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/secretsmanager/latest/userguide/integrating_cloudformation.html
A solutions architect is creating an AWS CloudFormation template from an existing manually created non-production AWS environment The CloudFormation template can be destroyed and recreated as needed The environment contains an Amazon EC2 instance The EC2 instance has an instance profile that the EC2 instance uses to assume a role in a parent account
The solutions architect recreates the role in a CloudFormation template and uses the same role name When the CloudFormation template is launched in the child account, the EC2 instance can no longer assume the role in the parent account because of insufficient permissions
What should the solutions architect do to resolve this issue?
Edit the Trust Policy:
Go to the IAM console in the parent account and locate the role that the EC2 instance needs to assume.
Edit the trust policy of the role to ensure that it correctly allows the sts
action for the role ARN in the child account.
Update the Role ARN:
Verify that the target role ARN specified in the trust policy matches the role ARN created by the CloudFormation stack in the child account.
If necessary, update the ARN to reflect the correct role in the child account.
Save and Test:
Save the updated trust policy and ensure there are no syntax errors.
Test the setup by attempting to assume the role from the EC2 instance in the child account. Verify that the instance can successfully assume the role and perform the required actions.
This ensures that the EC2 instance in the child account can assume the role in the parent account, resolving the permission issue.
Reference
AWS IAM Documentation on Trust Policies51.
